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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Labor protection instruction for track fitter. Full Document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection 1. General safety requirements 1.1. This Standard Instruction on labor protection for a track fitter (hereinafter referred to as the Instruction) establishes the basic safety requirements when a track fitter performs work on the maintenance and repair of a railway track. Safety requirements, taking into account local conditions, must be contained in the Instruction on labor protection for the track fitter, approved by the head of the track distance or track machine station (PMS). 1.2. Male persons at least 18 years of age who, upon admission to work, have passed a preliminary medical examination, introductory and primary briefing at the workplace, training, internship and knowledge testing, are allowed to work independently as a track fitter. In the process of work, the track fitter must, in the prescribed manner, undergo repeated (at least once every three months), unscheduled, targeted briefings, as well as periodic medical examinations. 1.3. The path maker must know:
The track fitter in the circle of his duties must undergo training and knowledge testing:
Track fitters working with electric tools must undergo special training, knowledge testing and have the first electrical safety group. 1.4. The maximum permissible mass of the lifted and moved load during continuous work associated with the movement of weights for track fitters should not exceed 15 kg. The duration of work associated with the transfer of weights within the specified norms should not be more than 1/3 of the working time. The maximum one-time weight of a manually lifted load should not exceed 30 kg. 1.5. The path maker must:
1.6. During work, the track fitter may be exposed to the following main hazardous and harmful production factors:
1.7. The track fitter must be provided with the following personal protective equipment;
When working in tunnels, the track fitter must have:
In winter, additionally issued: in III, IV and special belts:
in the II zone: on the Moscow-Kursk, Moscow-Ryazan, Moscow-Paveletsky, Moscow-Smolensk branches of the Moscow railway; on the St. Petersburg-Vitebsk, Moscow branches of the October Railway:
In areas of distribution of midges, mosquitoes, midges, track fitters should be provided with anti-bite agents, mosquito nets and overalls that provide protection against insect bites. 1.8. Personal clothing and overalls must be stored separately in lockers in the dressing room. It is prohibited to take protective clothing outside the working area. 1.9. The track fitter must monitor the serviceability of overalls, timely hand them over for washing and repair, and also keep the lockers clean and tidy. 1.10. The track fitter must comply with the following fire safety requirements:
1.11. Eating should be in canteens, buffets or specially designated rooms with appropriate equipment. Before eating, wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and soap. 1.12. When leaving the premises at night, it is necessary to wait for some time until the eyes get used to the darkness and the normal visibility of surrounding objects is established. 1.13. When entering the track, you must first make sure that there is no rolling stock moving along it, looking along the track to the right and left; at the same time, be especially vigilant in conditions that worsen the visibility of the path. 1.14. In case of injury or illness, the track fitter must stop work, notify the road, tunnel, bridge foreman or foreman and seek help from a first-aid post or the nearest medical institution. In case of injury to other employees, as well as in the event of violations of this Instruction or malfunctions of equipment, mechanisms, inventory, tools, protective devices, personal protective equipment and fire extinguishing equipment, the track fitter must immediately inform the work manager about this, and in his absence - to a higher manager. 1.15. The knowledge and fulfillment of the requirements of this Instruction by the track fitter is his official duty, and their violation is a violation of labor discipline, which entails liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. 2. Safety requirements before starting work, when traveling from work and to work 2.1. Before starting work, the track fitter must arrive at the set time at the meeting point. Before starting work, it is necessary to receive an instruction from the work manager about the route to and from the work site, the rules for safe work, getting off the path to the designated places, check the availability and serviceability of tools and devices. Working with a defective tool is prohibited. 2.2. Before starting work, track fitters must put on overalls, safety shoes, orange signal vest and put them in order:
The track fitter must not remove overalls and footwear during the entire working time. Track fitters receiving safety devices and other personal protective equipment (respirators, gas masks, goggles) should be instructed in the rules of use and the simplest ways to check the serviceability of these devices, as well as practically trained in how to use them. Overalls, special footwear and other personal protective equipment assigned to track fitters must be selected according to size, height, and not restrict movement during work. The headgear should not cover the ears tightly (the earflap cap should have sound-conducting inserts). 2.3. The track fitter must inform the foreman (foreman) about all detected malfunctions of the tool, safety devices, personal protective equipment and other shortcomings. 2.4. The passage from the gathering place to the place of work and back should be carried out away from the path or along the side of the subgrade under the supervision of the work manager or a specially assigned person. Passage to the place of work and back within the limits of the railway station (hereinafter referred to as the station) must be carried out along the routes of the service passage specified in the labor protection instructions and in compliance with the requirements set forth therein. 2.5. If it is impossible to pass on the side of the path or along the side of the road, it is allowed to pass along the path with special care. You should go one by one or two in a row, not allowing lag. At the same time, it is necessary to monitor the movement of trains and follow the instructions of the leader walking behind, and a specially allocated and instructed track fitter walking in front of the group. He and the other protect the group with stop signals (during the day - an unfolded red flag, at night - a lantern with a red light). In conditions of poor visibility (in steep curves, deep cuts, in wooded or built-up areas, as well as at night, in fog, snowstorm), in addition, the group is protected by two dedicated signalmen, one of whom follows in front and the other behind the group on distance of visual communication, but so as to see the approaching train no closer than 500 m from the walking group. The signalmen must walk with deployed red flags, and at night - with lanterns with red fire and protect the walking group of track fitters until they get off the track. When a train approaches, the signalman is obliged to give signals to the group until it leaves the track; if the group has not left the track in time, the signalman must get off the track 400 m from the approaching train and signal the train to stop. In cases where the signalman is not visible to the work manager at a distance of more than 500 m, intermediate signalmen should be allocated. Signalmen are appointed track fitters with a qualification of at least the third category, who have passed the established tests and have a signalman's certificate. On a double-track section, it is necessary to go towards the correct movement of trains, remembering the possibility of trains following in the wrong direction. On multi-track sections and hauls equipped with two-way automatic blocking, the direction of movement of trains should be determined by the indications of traffic lights. In places where snow is cleared by trenches, track fitters should take cover in niches made in trench slopes every 20-25 m from one another by the time the train approaches, with their arrangement in a checkerboard pattern. When a train approaches, the track fitters must get off the track in advance for a distance not less than that specified in clause 3.3 of this Instruction. 2.6. The tracks should be crossed at a right angle, after making sure that there is no approaching rolling stock (locomotive, wagons, trolleys and other vehicles). It is forbidden to cross and cross the path in front of an approaching train or locomotive. To cross the track occupied by wagons, you should use the transition platforms. It is allowed to bypass wagons standing on the way no closer than 5 m from the outermost wagon. It is forbidden to crawl under the wagons, to drag tools, devices and materials under them, to cross over automatic couplers and between wagons standing at a distance of less than 10 m from each other. When entering the track due to switch posts, platforms, track and other structures that impair the visibility of the track, you must first make sure that there is no moving stock by looking along the track to the left and right. When crossing the track in front of the train, it is necessary to remember about the possible setting of the train in motion, as well as about the movement of trains on the adjacent track. When crossing the track, you must not step on the rails, stand between the frame rail and the sharp point of the arrow, or between the movable core and the guardrail. 2.7. When delivered to the place of work by trains, trolleys, cars (specially equipped for transporting people), track fitters are required to follow all the rules for getting into and out of the vehicle established by the Instructions for the transportation of workers by rail and road, as well as the requirements of the senior group and vehicle driver. Boarding and disembarking from wagons on double-track sections should be carried out only from the field side. Places of embarkation and disembarkation on multi-track lines are established by the leaders of the track distance, PMS. 3. Safety requirements for the production of track work 3.1. It is allowed to start work only at the direction of the head of work after fencing in the prescribed manner of the place of their production. 3.2. The work of cleaning the switches must be carried out by a team consisting of not less than two and not more than six trackmen, one of whom supervises the movement of trains and does not participate in the work. At separate points where there is no permanent shunting work, it is allowed to perform work on turnouts by one track fitter with a qualification of at least the third category. The procedure and conditions for such work should be set out in the labor protection instructions for plant workers. The list of such separate points is established by the head of the railway department, and where there are no branches, by the head of the railway in agreement with Dorprofsozh, Rayprofsozh (technical labor inspector of the trade union of railway workers and transport builders). When working in one person, it is necessary to be especially vigilant, continuously monitor the approach of trains, position yourself facing the expected train in the right direction, without weakening attention to the movement of trains in the opposite direction. 3.3. When a train approaches in a section where movement is allowed at a speed of no more than 140 km / h, it is necessary to get off the track to the nearest roadbed at a distance of at least 2 m from the outermost rail when the train is at a distance of at least 400 m. where it is allowed to move trains at a speed of more than 140 km/h, it is necessary to leave the track 5 minutes before the train passes at a distance of at least 4 m from the outer rail - at a speed of 141-160 km/h, and at least 5 m - at a speed of 161 -200 km/h. The track fitter appointed as the leader in the group must carry an extract from the train schedule. When a train passes along an adjacent track, it is also necessary to get off to the nearest roadbed for the distances specified in this subparagraph. 3.4. When performing work on a section closed for train traffic to the "window" or when fencing the place of work with stop signals during the passage of a train along an adjacent track, work is stopped. The track fitters must get out of the way; it is not required to leave the path on which the work is being done. 3.5. After the train has passed, before entering the track, it is necessary to make sure that there is no train, locomotive or other moving unit coming from either side. 3.6. Work on hump, hump and sorting tracks, as well as turnouts of these tracks should be performed only during breaks in shunting work after agreement with the station or hump duty officer. 3.7. When working in cramped places where high platforms, buildings, fences, steep slopes of cuts are located on both sides of the track, as well as on bridges, in tunnels and snow trenches, track fitters must be attentive to the signals given by signalmen and know where to move out of the way when a train approaches. If high platforms, buildings, fences, steep slopes of cuts, walls of snow trenches with a length of more than 100 m do not allow one to sit on the side of the track, then work can only be started after the work site has been fenced off with stop signals. 3.8. If the work is connected with crossing the adjacent track (cleaning or hauling materials of the superstructure of the track), then it must be stopped before the train passes in order to have enough time to leave the track. In conditions of poor visibility and if the work being performed does not require fencing with stop signals, linemen should monitor the signals of automatic warning signals and the actions of signalmen. 3.9. It is forbidden to sit on the rails, the ends of the sleepers, the ballast prism, inside the rail track and on the inter-track, as well as on the racks of a kilometer stock of rails. 3.10. When approaching track machines, it is necessary to move away from the track at the following distances from the outermost rail:
3.11. During the production of work, it is necessary to constantly ensure that the tool does not interfere with movement and is not underfoot, and that new and old materials - rails, sleepers, fasteners - are neatly folded outside the gauge of the rolling stock and do not interfere with getting off the track when the train approaches. 3.12. During a break in work, it is necessary to go off the track to the side of the road away from the extreme rail for the distances specified in clause 3.3 of this Instruction. 3.13. Track fitters, when working on sections of a continuous track, must be trained in the specifics of work on these sections before starting work. 3.14. When working in drainage wells, make sure that there are no foreign gases and odors. When danger arises, the track fitter must go to the surface, and if he feels worse, give a prearranged signal to the work manager, who is obliged to pull him out with a rope attached to the straps of the track fitter's safety belt. 3.15. In order to avoid being struck by lightning, it is necessary to take the necessary measures with the approach of a thunderstorm to ensure the safe passage of trains to the place of work, and then get out of the way. You can not hide under trees, lean against them, and also approach lightning rods or high single objects (poles, trees) at a distance of less than 10 m. It is dangerous to be in elevated places, open plains during a thunderstorm. It is recommended to take shelter in enclosed spaces, and when away from them - in small depressions on the slopes of hills or slopes of embankments or cuts. During a thunderstorm, do not keep or carry tools and other metal objects. 3.16. When carrying firecrackers, special boxes should be used. Do not:
4. Safety requirements for work on bridges and tunnels 4.1. Before starting work on the bridge, track fitters should receive instructions from the work manager about the places for storing materials, tools and places of derailment when trains approach. In tunnels, each track fitter should know the niche or chamber in which he must take cover when a train approaches. 4.2. When performing work on bridges, decks, scaffolds and ladders must be cleared of debris, and in winter - from snow and ice and sprinkled with sand. 4.3. It is allowed to be in the tunnel only during work. At the end of the work, it is forbidden to stay in the tunnel during lunch breaks. Track fitters employed at work in the tunnel must know the rules for providing first aid in case of poisoning. If the gas contamination of the tunnel does not disappear for a long time, it is necessary, at the direction of the work manager, to use individual gas masks, which are provided to track fitters before the start of work. 4.4. When working on bridges up to 50 m long, track fitters should leave the bridge in advance, before the train approaches, and if the bridge is 50 m or more long, take cover on special platforms with railings. 4.5. 5 minutes before the passage of a high-speed train, track fitters must leave the bridge or tunnel away from the track at a distance of at least 4 m from the outermost rail at a speed of 141-160 km/h and at least 5 m at a speed of 161-200 km/h regardless of the length of the bridge or tunnel. 4.6. It is prohibited to carry out work on bridges and in tunnels and in pre-portal areas at night without sufficient lighting. 5. Safety requirements in the production of work with a manual traveling tool 5.1. Trackmen must use a serviceable hand tool and regularly check the reliability of the impact tool bits. Tool handles must be made of solid wood, cleanly sharpened, free of burrs; on percussion instruments, the surface of the striker must be clean and free from notches and metal sagging. 5.2. When tightening nuts by hand, use a standard wrench. It is forbidden to hit the key with something, increase its length by increasing it with another key, as well as use a faulty key, insert gaskets between the nut and the jaws of the key. When cutting the nut with a chisel, goggles must be worn. 5.3. Checking the coincidence of holes in the lining and rails can only be done with a barb or a bolt. 5.4. When changing rails, remove the lining after loosening, as well as push the lining apart and hold the end of the other rail when setting the lining, with a crowbar. Doing this by hand is not allowed. You can also turn over a 12,5 m long rail with a crowbar, inserting it into the extreme bolt hole from one end only. When tilting the rail, it is forbidden to be in the direction of a possible ejection of scrap. The tilting of rails 25 m long should be carried out only with a special device (crowbar with a bracket). 5.5. When shifting a replaceable or stacked rail lash, you can only stand on one side of the rail, opposite to the direction of the shift. 5.6. When dispersing rail gaps, hydraulic dispersing devices should be used. Dispersal of gaps by blows of the rail into the lining is prohibited. 5.7. When lifting the track with jacks, track fitters are prohibited from putting their hands and feet under the raised rail or rail and sleeper grid. 5.8. When deburring sleepers, feet should be placed so that the possibility of accidental injury is excluded. Remove debris and wood chips from under the sole of the rail should only be a broom or broom. Hand cleaning is prohibited. 5.9. Pulling out crutches with a crowbar should be done by pressing the hands on the end of the crowbar. It is forbidden to create additional efforts to stand with your feet or lie down with your body on a crowbar, as well as to place crutches, bolts or other objects under its head. To pull out crutches in cramped places on turnouts, a special crutch should be used. 5.10. When altering the track, the rail thread should be squeezed out with a clamping device or a pointed crowbar inserted into the ballast prism of the sleeper box under the rail sole at an angle of at least 45 ° and to the depth necessary for stability. It is forbidden to use crutches hammered into the sleeper as an emphasis. 5.11. When baiting a crutch for driving, it is necessary to hold it vertically; initially, the crutch should be fixed with light blows, and then finished off. When hammering crutches, you need to stand above the rail along the path. When working with a crutch hammer, the presence of people in the zone of movement of the hammer is prohibited. 5.12. Sleeper pliers must be used when changing wooden sleepers. It is necessary to transfer the sleepers with the help of special devices for carrying them. A single change of reinforced concrete sleepers should be carried out only with the use of machines, mechanisms or special devices. 5.13. When setting and removing the anti-theft, the legs should be placed in such a way as to exclude the possibility of a rebounded anti-theft getting into them. It is necessary to ensure that the track fitters are not opposite the anti-theft to be removed or installed. 6. Safety requirements in the production of work with track machines, mobile power plants and power tools 6.1. While working with track machines it is prohibited:
6.2. Before working with track machines, track fitters must be instructed on the safety requirements of the work performed, on passing trains, being on the track while track machines are operating, and moving away from working machines to a safe distance. The briefing is carried out by the work manager at the workplace, indicating safe places when passing trains and cars in the working position. 6.3. Personal clothing must be inspected and tidied up before starting work with a power tool. During operation, parts of clothing should not touch the tool. 6.4. The body of the electric tool during operation must be connected to the zero output of the mobile power station through the fourth core of the supply and main cables. Work with an electric tool is only allowed with a four-core cable. 6.5. If it is necessary to lay the main cable across the track, it must be passed between the sleepers under the rails. 6.6. Repair and adjustment of the electric tool is allowed to be carried out after a complete stop and disconnection of the tool from the mains. 6.7. When moving with a power tool from one place of work to another and at each (even a short-term) interruption in work, the voltage in the main cable must be turned off, and the electric tool must be removed outside the gauge of the rolling stock. 6.8. The track fitter must immediately turn off the electric tool if he feels even a slight impact of the current, and inform the work manager about this. 6.9. When carrying a power tool, do not hold it by the working parts. 6.10. The movement of a mobile power plant along the work front is carried out on a double-track section along an external rail thread, and on a single-track section - along the most convenient thread with a fence with stop signals. 6.11. The case of a mobile power plant must be grounded with a special ground electrode driven into the ground to a depth of at least 1 m at a distance of at least 2 m from the outermost rail. 6.12. During the operation of the power plant, it is forbidden to fill it with fuel, touch current-carrying parts, make fire near it and smoke. 6.13. The electric rail cutter must be accurately positioned on the rail being cut and securely fastened with a bracket. It is forbidden to clean the hacksaw blade until the rail cutter has come to a complete stop. It is forbidden to remove metal filings from the sawn rail with your hands. It is forbidden to work on a rail-cutting machine with an abrasive disc without protective glasses (to avoid abrasive dust getting into your eyes). 6.14. Electric rail drilling machine for operation should be securely fixed to the rail with a bracket. Do not clean the drill while the drill is in operation. 6.15. The grinding wheel of an electric rail grinder must be tested and enclosed in a steel casing. It is forbidden to work with an electric rail grinder with an untested wheel, without overalls and goggles. The electric rail grinder must not be used for sharpening axes, dexels and other tools. 6.16. The total time of work with a mechanized power tool, the vibration of which meets the requirements of sanitary standards, should not exceed 2/3 of the duration of the work shift. The rest of the time, work not related to vibration should be carried out. 7. Safety requirements for the performance of work on electrified areas 7.1. When working on an electrified section, track fitters must be especially careful and not approach, both by themselves and by the tools used, energized and unenclosed wires or parts of the contact network and overhead lines closer than 2 m. 7.2. When altering, straightening the track and other works on electrified sections and sections equipped with automatic blocking, it is necessary to use isolated templates. 7.3. It is forbidden to touch the cable found during the work under the ballast layer or in the ground. In this case, work must be stopped, and the track fitter is obliged to notify the work manager about this. 8. Safety requirements for the production of work on cleaning tracks and arrows from snow 8.1. Cleaning of centralized turnouts should be carried out during breaks between the movement of trains and shunting trains or on a track closed to train traffic. 8.2. Before starting cleaning at centralized turnouts, the team leader must protect the place of work:
8.3. Prior to the start of work on clearing snow on a centralized switch against the rods of the electric drive, a wooden insert must be laid between the allotted wit and the frame rail, and on crosses with a movable core - between the core and the guardrail. 8.4. When working on a turnout, it is necessary to take a position that would provide good visibility of the approaching rolling stock. 8.5. Hose cleaning of the switches must be carried out by two track fitters. Directly on the cleaning of the arrows with a hose, one track fitter works. Another track fitter (observer, he is also a signalman) should be at the valve for connecting the hose to the air-dispensing column, monitor the movement of the rolling stock and be ready at any time to stop the supply of compressed air and signal the worker about the approach of the rolling stock. 8.6. When hose cleaning the switches, do not place a rubber hose on the rails of adjacent tracks or turnouts, as well as short-circuit the track chains on the turnouts with a metal end of the hose. If it is necessary to cross paths, the hose must be laid under the rails in sleeper boxes, cleared of snow and ballast. It is forbidden to open the disconnect valve for pneumoblowing and supply air if the hose is not fully extended and the handpiece is not in the hands of the worker. The end head of the hose and the column must be tightly connected. 8.7. Passage from one arrow to another with a hose connected to the air line is only allowed when the tap is closed and there is no compressed air in the hose. Hoses to air folding columns and places of their storage should be transferred assembled into rings. 8.8. When removing snow by snow trains, track fitters must be placed in a passenger or freight covered wagon designed to accommodate workers along the route. 8.9. When the snow train moves in the loading or unloading area, the track fitters located on the platforms must be located at a distance of at least 1 m from the sides. Loading and unloading of snow while the train is running is prohibited. 8.10. When performing track work in severe frosts, in order to avoid frostbite, do not touch metal objects and parts (rails, fasteners, tools) with your bare hands. The face and exposed parts of the body should be lubricated with a protective ointment. 9. Safety requirements for loading and unloading operations and transportation of track superstructure materials 9.1. All operations for the movement of goods must be carried out only at the command of the work manager. Track fitters working with cranes and other lifting mechanisms must be trained and tested by the qualification commission and have a slinger's certificate. 9.2. Track fitters are prohibited from being closer than 2 m from the load being lifted or lowered, under the load being moved, in close proximity to the working mechanisms, as well as in the danger zone of cranes, equal to the length of the crane boom plus 5 m. 9.3. In order to prevent the stacking shields from falling when the sleepers are unloaded from the gondola cars, the shields should be removed by cable grippers, when their lower end remains fixed with horizontal rows of sleepers at a height of at least 1 m. If there are incorrectly loaded sleepers in the car, they should be unloaded by a crane one by one using cable grips-strangleholds. Unloading sleepers and beams manually from gondola cars is prohibited. 9.4. Installation work on loading and unloading sleepers and beams impregnated with oil antiseptics should be carried out only in special clothing, gloves and after applying a protective paste to the face, hands, neck and other exposed parts of the body. In the process of loading, unloading, transferring sleepers and beams impregnated with oil antiseptics, one should not touch the face with mittens or sleeves of overalls. Before eating and at the end of work, thoroughly wash hands, face, exposed parts of the body with warm water and soap and rinse your mouth. When antisepticizing holes drilled in wooden sleepers, track fitters must work in goggles. 9.5. Ballast can be unloaded from the hopper-dispensers while the train is moving at a speed of not more than 5 km/h. When unloading the ballast, track fitters are prohibited from being inside the body of the wagons; unloading of ballast and soil from gondola cars should be carried out only after a complete stop of the train. 9.6. Transportation of single rails must be carried out by two removable portal cranes; in this case, the rail should be located along the axis of the portal cranes. The rail should be transported at a speed of 3-5 km/h at a height of 20 cm from the top of the bed of sleepers. When moving gantry cranes along the track, the fitters must be on the outside of the track. Installation and removal of the portal crane must be carried out by two track fitters. 9.7. Transportation of track tools and materials on two-wheeled single-rail carts must be carried out by specially appointed track fitters. The number of track fitters should be sufficient (but not less than 2 people) in order to remove the load and remove the trolley from the track in advance of the train approach. The rest of the track fitters should walk away from the track or along the side of the subgrade. 9.8. When transporting materials on a traveling trailer, you must not be in front of the trailer, lag behind it, let the trailer downhill, sit on it, roll the trailer at a speed greater than the speed of a normally walking person, correct the load on the go. Sleepers on the trailer should be laid along the track. 9.9. To allow the train to pass, track fitters must remove single-rail carts, track cars, materials, tools from the track and position themselves on the side of the track no closer than 2 m from the outermost rail and 5 m from the cart, trailer, materials, tools from the side of the approaching train. 10. Safety requirements for the production of work with pesticides (herbicides) for the destruction of vegetation 10.1. Track fitters involved in working with pesticides must undergo a medical examination, instructions, pass the sanitary-technical minimum for working with pesticides and obtain a permit to work with them. Persons not trained in security measures are not allowed to work. 10.2. The duration of work on loading, unloading, transporting pesticides, as well as work related to the chemical destruction of vegetation, should not exceed 6 hours per day. 10.3. Wear protective overalls and safety shoes designed for working with pesticides should only be worn while working with them. Persons who do not have overalls or are not fully provided with them are not allowed to work with pesticides. 10.4. Overalls in which work with herbicides is carried out should be ventilated daily and degassed at least twice a month. It is forbidden to wash overalls, wash rubber boots, gloves at a distance of less than 200 m from wells, rivers, lakes, streams and springs. 10.5. Track fitters involved in work with pesticides must comply with the following safety requirements:
11. Safety requirements for the performance of work on the basis of PMS 11.1. To work on the link assembly and link disassembly lines, not related to the control of the line mechanisms, track fitters who have been trained in safe work on this line are allowed. 11.2. When supplying rails, fasteners, sleepers to the assembly line, workers must leave the zone of possible fall of the load. It is forbidden to stay and install anti-theft devices on a link moved on trolleys. 11.3. When loading and unloading rails with cranes, hold the rails only by the head at a distance of 0,4 m from the end. When hauling bundles of links and rails on platforms equipped with removable equipment (CO and USO), workers must be at a distance of at least 10 m from the cable. 12. Safety requirements in emergency situations 12.1. During the maintenance and repair of the railway track and artificial structures, the following main emergencies may occur:
12.2. In the event of an emergency, the track fitter must stop work, immediately report the incident to the work manager and then follow his instructions to prevent accidents or eliminate the emergency. 12.3. Employees who are nearby, upon a general alarm signal, are obliged to immediately come to the scene and take part in eliminating the emergency that has arisen and (if necessary) providing first aid to the injured. 12.4. When eliminating an emergency, it is necessary to act in accordance with the Instructions for the organization of emergency recovery work on the railways of the Russian Federation. 12.5. In the event of a spill or spillage of dangerous and harmful substances as a result of damage to the rolling stock, it is possible to start work to eliminate the accident only after the permission of the chief state sanitary doctor on the railway (at the railway department, on the linear section of the railway), which determines the procedure and duration of work in hazardous area, as well as personal protective equipment used during these works. In electrified areas, electrical safety measures are determined by a representative of the power supply distance. 12.6. When rolling stock or artificial structures catch fire, it is necessary:
12.7. In case of participation in fire extinguishing, track fitters should know the following:
12.8. If a break in the wires of the contact network or overhead lines is detected, you should immediately inform the station attendant, energy dispatcher or train dispatcher, protect the place of the break and make sure that no one approaches it closer than 8 m. If broken wires or other elements of the contact network and overhead lines violate the clearance of the approach of buildings and can be affected when the train passes, it is necessary to protect this place with stop signals. It is forbidden to come closer than 8 m to the broken wires of the contact network and overhead lines, as well as to touch anything to them and foreign objects located on them, regardless of whether they touch or do not touch the ground or grounded structures. 12.9. In case of violation of the integrity of the superstructure of the track, threatening the derailment of the rolling stock, the track fitter must give a stop signal to the approaching rolling stock and report the incident to the work manager and the station duty officer. On electrified sections, if there is a through transverse break in the rail, it is forbidden to touch the rail with your hands or any tools simultaneously on both sides of the break until the installation of longitudinal or transverse jumpers. 13. Providing medical assistance to victims 13.1. The time from the moment of injury (poisoning) to the receipt of assistance should be as short as possible. The provider of assistance is obliged to act decisively, but deliberately and expediently. First of all, it is necessary to take measures to stop the impact of damaging factors, to correctly assess the condition of the victim. When examining the victim, they first establish whether he is alive or dead, then determine the severity of the lesion. In many cases, the victim loses consciousness. The caregiver must be able to distinguish loss of consciousness from death. Signs of life:
If minimal signs of life are found, it is necessary to immediately begin to provide first aid. It is necessary to identify, eliminate or weaken the life-threatening manifestations of the lesion - bleeding, respiratory and cardiac arrest, impaired airway patency, severe pain. Signs of death:
In all cases, when providing first aid, it is necessary to take measures for the fastest delivery of the victim to a medical institution. The call of a medical worker should not suspend the provision of first aid. 13.2. When receiving a mechanical injury, it is necessary to stop the bleeding. In case of venous bleeding from the wound (blood has a dark cherry color, flows out in a uniform stream), it is enough to apply a sterile bandage with a tight bandage (pressure bandage) or pull a cotton-gauze swab well to the wound with a sticky patch. When arterial bleeding stops (the outflowing blood is bright red, beats with a strong pulsating stream), the artery is first pressed above the injury site to the bone to stop the flow of blood to the injury site, and then a standard or impromptu tourniquet is applied. A note must be placed under the tourniquet indicating the date, hour and minutes of its imposition. The maximum allowable time for compression with a tourniquet is 1,5 - 2 hours. In case of any bleeding of the damaged part of the body, an elevated position is given and peace is provided. In case of fractures, in no case should you try to make bone fragments - to eliminate the curvature of the limb with a closed fracture or to set the bone that has come out with an open fracture. It is necessary to ensure the immobility of the damaged parts of the body with a splint (standard or made from improvised means) and a bandage. With an open fracture, the bleeding is stopped, a sterile bandage is applied, and only after that they begin immobilization (immobilize the damaged part of the body). If the ligaments are sprained, it is necessary to apply a cold compress to the sprain, then a pressure bandage. In case of dislocations or other injuries of the joints, the limb is fixed in a position that is most convenient for the victim and causes him less anxiety. You can not try to reduce the dislocation and use force to change the forced position of the limb. 13.3. In case of a thermal burn with boiling water (hot food), it is necessary to quickly remove clothing soaked in hot liquid. In this case, do not tear off areas of skin adhering to clothing, but carefully cut around the clothing with scissors, leaving adherent areas. Burning clothing should also be removed or extinguished immediately. This is best done by wrapping it in a blanket or other dense fabric. Due to the cessation of air access, the flame dies out. In no case should you run in ignited clothing, shoot down the flame with unprotected hands. It is useful to irrigate the burn area with a jet of cold water for several minutes or apply cold objects to it. This helps to quickly prevent the effects of heat on the body and reduce pain. Then, a sterile, preferably cotton-gauze bandage should be applied to the burn surface. The material applied to the surface can be moistened with diluted alcohol or vodka, which, in addition to anesthesia, disinfects the skin. It is absolutely contraindicated to perform any manipulations on the burn surface, to apply bandages with ointments, fats, dyes. The use of soda powder, starch, soap, raw eggs is also undesirable, since these agents, in addition to contamination, cause the formation of a film that is difficult to remove from the burn surface. In the event of an extensive burn, it is better to wrap the victim in a clean sheet and urgently deliver to a medical facility or call a medical professional. To reduce pain, the victim is given an anesthetic [analgin and (or) others]. If possible, it should be drunk with hot tea, coffee, alkaline mineral water. You can also dilute half a teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of table salt in 1 liter of water and give to drink. 13.4. In case of eye injuries with sharp or piercing objects, as well as eye injuries with severe bruises, the victim should be urgently sent to a medical facility. Objects that get into the eyes should not be removed from the eye, so as not to further damage it. Apply a sterile bandage to the eye. If dust or powder gets into the eyes, rinse with a gentle stream of running water. In case of chemical burns, it is necessary to open the eyelids and rinse the eyes abundantly for 10-15 minutes with a weak stream of running water, after which the victim should be sent to a medical facility. In case of eye burns with hot water, steam, eye rinsing is not recommended. The eyes are covered with a sterile bandage and the victim is sent to a medical facility. 13.5. In case of electric shock, first of all, it is necessary to immediately stop the effect of electric current on the victim. To do this, turn off the current with a switch, turn the knife switch, unscrew the plugs, break the wire. If this is not possible, then the wire is discarded with a dry stick or other object that does not conduct electricity. Do not touch the victim with bare hands while he is under the influence of current. After this, the victim should be carefully examined, a sterile dressing should be applied to local injuries. With mild lesions, accompanied by fainting, dizziness, headache, pain in the heart, short-term loss of consciousness, it is necessary to create peace and take measures to deliver the victim to a medical facility. When providing first aid to the victim, it is important to give painkillers (analgin, sedalgin and others), sedatives (valerian tincture) and cardiac (valocardin, Zelenin drops and others) remedies. In severe lesions, accompanied by respiratory arrest and a state of "imaginary death" (pale skin, pupils are wide, unresponsive to light, breathing and pulse are absent, signs of life are established only by carefully listening to heart sounds), the only effective measure of help is immediate artificial respiration, sometimes for hours on end. If cardiac arrest has not occurred, properly performed artificial respiration quickly leads to an improvement in the condition. The skin acquires a natural color, a pulse appears. The most effective artificial respiration is mouth-to-mouth (16-20 breaths per minute). Artificial respiration is controlled by fluctuations of the chest. After the victim regains consciousness, he should be given water, tea, coffee (but not alcoholic beverages!) to drink and covered warmly. In case of cardiac arrest, an external heart massage is performed simultaneously with artificial respiration with a frequency of 60-70 pressures per minute. The effectiveness of massage is judged by the appearance of a pulse on the carotid arteries. With a combination of artificial respiration and indirect heart massage, for each blowing of air into the lungs of the victim, five or six pressures are applied to the region of the heart, mainly during the exhalation period. Artificial respiration and heart massage are done until they recover on their own or until obvious signs of death appear. The victim is transported to the hospital in the supine position. 13.6. In case of poisoning with poor-quality food products, it is necessary to induce artificial vomiting in the victim and rinse the stomach, letting him drink a large amount (up to 6-10 glasses) of warm water tinted with potassium permanganate, or a weak solution of baking soda, and then give milk to drink and let him drink one or two activated charcoal tablets. In case of acid poisoning, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the stomach with water and give the victim enveloping agents: milk, raw eggs. In case of gas poisoning, the victim must be taken out of the room to fresh air or a draft should be arranged in the room by opening windows and doors. When breathing and cardiac activity stop, start artificial respiration and chest compressions (see the previous paragraph of this Instruction). In all cases of poisoning, the victim must be sent to a medical facility. 13.7. First aid for frostbite is to immediately warm the victim and especially the frostbitten part. For this, a person is brought or introduced into a warm room. The frostbitten part of the body is first rubbed with a dry cloth, then placed in a basin with warm water (30-32 ° C). For 20-30 minutes the water temperature is gradually brought to 40-45 °C. The limb is thoroughly washed from contamination. With shallow frostbite, you can warm the victim with a heating pad or even the warmth of the hands. After warming, the damaged part of the body is wiped dry, covered with a sterile bandage and warmly covered. Frostbitten areas of the body should not be lubricated with fat or ointments. This makes it difficult to process them later. It is also impossible to rub the frostbitten parts of the body with snow, as this increases the cooling, and the ice injures the skin and contributes to infection. You should also refrain from intense rubbing and massage of the chilled part. Such actions with deep frostbite can lead to damage to blood vessels. With general cooling of the victim, it is necessary to cover warmly, give a warm drink (tea, coffee). Painkillers (analgin, etc.) are taken to reduce pain. The fastest delivery of the victim to a medical institution is also a measure of first aid. 13.8. In order to prevent acute intestinal infections, it is necessary to observe:
14. Safety requirements at the end of work 14.1. Upon completion of the work, the track fitter must:
14.2. Contaminated and faulty overalls must be handed over to the track attendant for washing, dry cleaning or repair. 14.3. After work, the track fitter should wash the contaminated areas of the body with warm water and soap, or, if possible, take a shower. 14.4. To maintain the skin in good condition after work, you can use various protective ointments and creams (boric vaseline, lanolin cream, and others). It is not allowed to use kerosene or other toxic petroleum products to clean the skin and personal protective equipment. 14.5. All malfunctions and shortcomings noticed during work, and the measures taken to eliminate them, must be reported to the foreman (foreman).
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