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Labor protection instructions for the operator (driver) of the crane. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. This Standard Instruction has been developed taking into account the requirements of the Rules for the use of technical devices at hazardous production facilities, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 25.12.98, 1540 No. 1999 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation. 1. No. 191. Art. 10.03.99), Rules for the organization and implementation of production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements at a hazardous production facility, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 263, 1999 No. 11 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 1305. No. 10. Art. 257), Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes (PB 98-31.12.98 -79) (hereinafter referred to as the Rules), approved by Resolution of the State Mining and Technical Supervision of Russia dated December XNUMX, XNUMX No. XNUMX, and establishes the responsibilities of operators (crane operators) for servicing manipulator cranes.

1.2. Production instructions for operators (machinists) are developed on the basis of this Standard Instruction, agreed with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, and may contain additional requirements arising from local operating conditions of loader cranes, instructions for servicing loader cranes, their vehicles and safety devices set out in operating manuals for loader cranes, their vehicles and safety devices.

1.3. Operators (drivers) who have been trained and have a certificate for the right to operate load-lifting cranes must know:

1) operating manuals for cranes and safety devices from manufacturers;

2) production instructions;

3) design of manipulator cranes, purpose, principles of operation and design of components of mechanisms and safety devices of manipulator cranes;

4) arrangement of load-handling devices;

5) instruction on labor protection;

6) techniques and methods of providing first aid to the victims.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the operator (driver) must make sure that all mechanisms, metal structures and other parts of the crane are in good working order. In doing so, he must:

1) inspect the mechanisms of the crane, their fastening and brakes, as well as the chassis, traction and buffer devices;

2) check the presence and serviceability of the mechanism guards;

3) check the lubrication of gears, bearings and ropes, as well as the condition of lubricating devices and seals;

4) inspect in accessible places the metal structures and connections of boom sections and its suspension elements (ropes, guy wires, blocks, earrings, etc.), as well as metal structures and welded connections of the running frame (chassis) and the rotating part;

5) inspect in accessible places the condition of the ropes and their fastening on the drum, boom, grab, as well as the laying of ropes in the streams of blocks and drums;

6) inspect the hook and its fastening in the cage;

7) check the serviceability of additional supports (retractable beams, jacks) and stabilizers;

8) check the availability and serviceability of safety devices and devices;

9) check the serviceability of the crane's lighting, buffer lights and headlights;

10) when accepting a hydraulically driven crane, inspect the drive system, flexible hoses, if used, pumps and safety valves on the pressure lines.

2.2. The operator (driver) is obliged, together with the slinger, to check the compliance of the lifting devices with the weight and nature of the load, their serviceability and the presence of stamps or tags on them indicating the load capacity, test date and number.

2.3. When accepting a working crane, the inspection must be carried out together with the operator (driver) handing over the shift. To inspect the loader crane, the owner is obliged to allocate the necessary time to the operator (driver) at the beginning of the shift.

2.4. Inspection of the crane should be carried out only when the mechanisms are not working.

2.5. When inspecting a crane, the operator (driver) must use a portable lamp with a voltage of no more than 12 V.

2.6. After inspecting the crane before putting it into operation, the operator (driver), making sure that the required approach dimensions are observed, is obliged to test all the mechanisms at idle and check the correct operation:

1) mechanisms of the crane and electrical equipment, if any;

2) safety devices and devices available on the crane;

3) brakes;

4) hydraulic systems.

2.7. If, during inspection and testing of the crane, faults or deficiencies in its condition are discovered that impede safe operation, and it is impossible to eliminate them on their own, the operator (crane operator), without starting work, must report this to the engineer and technical worker responsible for the maintenance of the crane - the manipulator is in good condition, and notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes.

2.8. The operator (driver) should not start working on the loader crane if the following malfunctions exist:

1) cracks or deformations in the metal structures of the crane;

2) cracks in the boom suspension elements (earrings, rods, etc.),

3) the absence of cotter pins and previously existing clamps in the places where the ropes are fastened or the fastening is weakened;

4) the number of wire breaks of the boom or cargo rope or surface wear exceeds the norm established by the operating manual of the loader crane, there are torn strands or other damage;

5) defects in the load lifting mechanism or boom lifting mechanism that threaten operational safety;

6) damage to the brake parts of the load lifting mechanism or the boom lifting mechanism; wear of the hooks in the mouth, exceeding 10% of the original section height, malfunction of the device that closes the mouth of the hook, failure of fastening of the hook in the cage;

7) damage or incompleteness of additional supports, malfunction of stabilizers for automobile and other loader cranes with a sprung chassis;

8) damage to rope blocks and devices that prevent the rope from exiting the block streams.

2.9. Before starting work, the operator (driver) must:

1) get acquainted with the project for carrying out work using cranes, technological maps for loading, unloading and storing goods;

2) check the condition of the site for the installation of a crane;

3) make sure that there is no power line at the work site or it is located at a distance of more than 30 m;

4) obtain a work permit to operate a crane at a distance closer than 30 m from the power line;

5) check the sufficiency of illumination of the working area;

6) make sure that the slingers have certificates and distinctive signs.

2.10. Having accepted the loader crane, the operator (driver) must make an appropriate entry in the logbook and, after receiving the task and permission to work from the person responsible for the safe performance of work by the loader cranes, begin work.

2.11. Permission to put into operation crawler and pneumatic wheeled cranes after moving them to a new facility is issued by an engineer and technical worker to supervise the safe operation of cranes based on checking the condition of the crane and ensuring safe working conditions with an entry in the logbook.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. When operating a loader crane, the operator (driver) must be guided by the requirements and instructions set out in the operation manual of the loader crane and the production instructions.

3.2. The operator (driver), while operating the mechanisms of the crane-manipulator, should not be distracted from his direct duties, as well as clean, lubricate and repair the mechanisms.

3.3. If it is necessary to leave the loader crane, the operator (driver) is obliged to stop the engine driving the mechanisms of the loader crane and remove the ignition key from the truck loader cranes. In the absence of an operator (driver), the trainee and other persons are not allowed to operate the loader crane.

3.4. Before making any movement with the loader crane, the operator (driver) must make sure that the trainee is in a safe place and that there are no strangers in the work area of ​​the loader crane.

3.5. If there was a break in the operation of the loader crane mechanisms, the crane operator must sound a warning signal before turning them on.

3.6. The movement of the crane under the power line must be carried out with the boom lowered (in the transport position).

3.7. When moving a crane with a load, the position of the boom and the load capacity of the crane should be set in accordance with the instructions contained in the operating manual of the crane. It is not allowed to simultaneously move the crane and rotate the boom.

3.8. The operator (driver) is obliged to install the loader crane on all additional supports in all cases when such installation is required according to the passport characteristics of the loader crane; At the same time, he must ensure that the supports are in good working order and that strong and stable pads are placed under them, which are the equipment of the crane. It is not allowed to place random objects under additional supports.

3.9. It is prohibited for the operator (driver) to be in the cab when installing the crane on additional supports, as well as when releasing it from the supports.

3.10. Installation of a crane-manipulator on the edge of a slope of a pit (ditch) is permitted provided that the distances from the beginning of the slope of the pit (ditch) to the edge of the support contour of the crane-manipulator are not less than those indicated in the table. If it is impossible to maintain these distances, the slope must be strengthened. The conditions for installing a loader crane on the edge of a pit (ditch) slope must be specified in the project for carrying out work using loader cranes.

3.11. Loader cranes should be installed to perform construction and installation work in accordance with the project for carrying out work using loader cranes.

3.12. Installation of cranes must be carried out on a planned and prepared site, taking into account the category and nature of the soil. It is not permitted to install loader cranes for work on freshly poured uncompacted soil, as well as on a site with a slope exceeding that permissible for a given loader crane in accordance with the operation manual of the loader crane.

3.13. Loader cranes should be installed so that during operation the distance between the rotating part of the loader crane in any position and buildings, stacks of cargo and other objects is at least 1 m.

3.14. The operator (driver) is prohibited from unauthorized installation of a loader crane for work near a power line (until receiving an assignment from the person responsible for the safe performance of work with loader cranes).

3.15. The operator (driver) must work under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safe performance of work with loader cranes, when loading and unloading gondola cars, when moving cargo with several loader cranes, near power lines; when moving cargo over floors under which production or service premises are located where people may be present; when moving cargo for which a slinging scheme has not been developed, as well as in other cases provided for by work projects or technological regulations.

3.16. Moving cargo over floors under which industrial, residential or office premises where people may be located is not permitted. In some cases, cargo may be moved over the floors of production or office premises in which people are located, after the development of measures (in agreement with the state technical supervision authorities) to ensure the safe performance of work, and under the guidance of the person responsible for the safe performance of work by cranes.

3.17. Joint work on moving cargo by two or more cranes can be allowed only in certain cases and must be carried out in accordance with the work project or technological map, which must contain diagrams of slinging and moving cargo, indicating the sequence of operations, the position of cargo ropes , and also contain requirements for site preparation and other instructions for the safe movement of cargo.

3.18. When moving cargo, the operator (driver) must be guided by the following rules:

1) you can operate a crane only upon a signal from the slinger. If the slinger gives a signal, acting in violation of the requirements of the instructions, then the crane operator, in response to such a signal, should not perform the required maneuver of the loader crane. For damage caused by the operation of a crane as a result of an incorrectly given signal, both the operator (driver) and the slinger who gave the incorrect signal are responsible. The exchange of signals between the slinger and the operator (machinist) must be carried out according to the procedure established at the enterprise (organization). The operator (driver) must execute the “Stop” signal regardless of who gives it;

2) it is necessary to determine the load capacity of the crane for each reach using the load capacity indicator;

3) before lifting the load, the slinger and all persons near the loader crane should be warned with an audible signal about the need to leave the area of ​​the load being moved, the possible fall of the load and the lowering of the boom. Loads can only be moved if there are no people in the operating area of ​​the crane. The operator (driver) must also fulfill these requirements when lifting and moving the grab. The slinger can be near the load while it is being lifted or lowered if the load is at a height of no more than 1 m from the platform level;

4) loading and unloading trolleys, vehicles and trailers for them, railway gondola cars and platforms is permitted only in the absence of people on the vehicles, which the operator (driver) must first ensure;

5) the hook of the lifting mechanism should be installed above the load so that when lifting the load, oblique tension of the load rope is eliminated;

6) when lifting a load, it is necessary to first raise it to a height of no more than 200-300 mm in order to ensure the correctness of the sling, the stability of the crane and the proper functioning of the brake, after which you can lift the load to the required height;

7) when lifting a load, the distance between the hook cage and the blocks on the boom must be at least 500 mm;

8) loads moved horizontally (load-handling devices) should first be lifted 500 mm above objects encountered along the way;

9) when lifting the boom, it is necessary to ensure that it does not rise above the position corresponding to the smallest working reach;

10) when moving a load located near a wall, column, stack, railway car, vehicle, machine or other equipment, you must first ensure that there is no slinger or other people between the load being moved and the specified parts of the building, vehicles or equipment, as well as the impossibility the boom or the cargo being moved hits walls, columns, cars, etc. Loads are placed in gondola cars, on platforms and in trolleys, as well as their removal should be done without disturbing the balance of gondola cars, trolleys and platforms;

11) the movement of small-piece cargo must be carried out in containers specially designed for this purpose, and the possibility of individual cargo falling out must be excluded; lifting bricks on pallets without fencing is permitted only when loading and unloading (on the ground) of vehicles, trailers, railway gondola cars and platforms;

12) before lifting a load from a well, ditch, trench, pit, etc. and before lowering the load into them, by lowering the free (unloaded) hook, first make sure that in its lowest position on the drum at least one and a half turns of the rope remain wound, not counting the turns under the clamping device;

13) cargo should be stacked and disassembled evenly, without violating the dimensions established for storing cargo and without blocking the aisles;

14) it is necessary to carefully monitor the ropes; if they fall off the drums or blocks, loops form, or damage to the ropes is detected, the operation of the crane should be suspended;

15) if the crane has two lifting mechanisms, their simultaneous operation is not permitted. The hook of the idle mechanism must always be raised to its highest position;

16) slinging of loads must be carried out in accordance with slinging diagrams. For slinging, slings must be used that correspond to the weight and nature of the load being lifted, taking into account the number of branches and their angle of inclination; general purpose slings are selected so that the angle between their branches does not exceed 90°;

17) when operating a crane-manipulator with a grab designed for bulk and lump materials, it is not allowed to handle material whose largest piece size exceeds 300 mm, or if the bulk mass exceeds the value established for this grab. Transshipment of piece cargo can only be done with a special grab;

18) operation of grab cranes is allowed in the absence of people in their area of ​​operation. Auxiliary workers may be allowed to perform their duties only after a break in crane operation, after the grab has been lowered to the ground;

19) it is allowed to lower the transported load only to the place intended for this purpose, where the possibility of falling, tipping over or sliding of the installed load is excluded. The place where the load is installed must be preliminarily laid with pads of appropriate strength. Stowing and disassembling of cargo should be carried out evenly, without violating the dimensions established for storing cargo and without blocking the aisles.

3.19. Work with manipulator cranes at a distance of less than 30 m from the lifting sliding part of the manipulator crane in any position, as well as from the load to the vertical plane formed by the projection onto the ground of the nearest wire of an overhead power line with a voltage of 42 V or more, must be carried out along approval defining safe working conditions. The procedure for organizing work near a power line, issuing a permit and instructing workers is established by order of the owner of the crane. Safe distances from parts of the crane or load in any position to the nearest power line wire are: for voltage up to 1 kV - 1,5 m, from 1 to 20 kV - at least 2 m, from 35 to 110 kV - at least 4 m , from 150 to 220 kV - at least 5 m, up to 330 kV - at least 6 m, from 500 to 750 kV - at least 9 m.

In case of production necessity, if it is impossible to maintain the specified distances, work with a crane-manipulator in the restricted area can be carried out with the power line disconnected, according to the work permit, which indicates the time of work.

The operator (crane operator) must not start work if the person responsible for the safe performance of work with manipulator cranes has not ensured the fulfillment of the work conditions stipulated by the work permit, has not indicated the installation location of the manipulator crane and has not made the following entry in the logbook: “Installation "I checked the loader crane at the place I indicated. I authorize the work (date, time, signature)."

When operating cranes at existing power plants, substations and power lines, if work using cranes is carried out by personnel operating electrical installations, and the operators (crane operators) are on the staff of the energy enterprise, a work permit to work near live wires and equipment is issued operator (crane operator) a person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes.

The operation of loader cranes under undisconnected contact wires of urban transport can be carried out provided that the distance between the boom of the loader crane and the contact wires is maintained at least 1 m when installing a limiter (stop) that does not allow reducing the specified distance when lifting the boom.

3.20. The operator (driver) can begin performing work in explosion and fire hazardous areas or with toxic, caustic loads only after receiving special (written) instructions from the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes.

3.21. During the performance of work, the operator (driver) is prohibited from:

1) allow random persons who do not have slinger rights to tie or hook loads, and also use load-handling devices that do not correspond to the weight and nature of the load, without tags or stamps. In these cases, the operator (driver) must stop working with the loader crane and notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work with the loader cranes;

2) lift a load whose mass exceeds the load capacity of the loader crane for a given reach. If the operator (driver) does not know the weight of the load, then he must obtain written information about the actual weight of the load from the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes;

3) lower the boom with the load until it extends, at which the load capacity of the crane will be less than the mass of the load being lifted;

4) to produce sharp braking when turning the boom with a load;

5) drag a load along the ground, rails and joists with the hook of a crane-manipulator when the ropes are in an inclined position, as well as move railway cars, platforms, trolleys or trolleys using a hook;

6) use a hook or grab to tear off a load that is covered with earth or frozen to the ground, laid down by other loads, reinforced with bolts, filled with concrete, etc.;

7) use a crane to release lifting devices pinched by the load (slings, chains, pliers, etc.);

8) lift reinforced concrete products with damaged hinges, improperly strapped (tied) cargo that is in an unstable position, as well as in containers filled above the sides;

9) place loads on electrical cables and pipelines, as well as on the edge of a slope of a ditch or trench;

10) lift a load with people on it, as well as a load supported by hands;

11) transfer control of the loader crane to persons who do not have the right to operate the loader crane, and also allow students and trainees to independently operate the loader crane without supervising them;

12) load and unload the vehicle while the driver or other people are in the cabin;

13) lift cylinders with compressed or liquefied gas that are not placed in special containers;

14) deliver cargo into window openings and onto balconies without special receiving areas or special devices;

15) lift the load directly from the place of its installation (from the ground, platform, stack, etc.) with a jib winch;

16) use limit switches as working bodies to automatically stop mechanisms;

17) work with disabled or faulty safety devices and brakes.

3.22. If a malfunction occurs, the operator (driver) is obliged to lower the load, stop operating the loader crane and inform the person responsible for the safe performance of work with loader cranes. The operator (driver) must also act in the following cases:

1) when a thunderstorm or strong wind is approaching, the speed of which exceeds the permissible speed for this crane and specified in its passport;

2) in case of insufficient illumination of the work area of ​​the crane-manipulator, heavy snowfall or fog, as well as in other cases when the operator (driver) does not clearly distinguish the signals of the slinger or the load being moved;

3) when the air temperature is below the permissible minus temperature specified in the crane’s passport;

4) when twisting the ropes of the cargo chain hoist.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. If the loader crane loses stability (ground subsidence, outrigger failure, overload, etc.), the operator (driver) must immediately stop lifting, give a warning signal, lower the load to the ground or platform and determine the cause of the emergency.

4.2. If the elements of the crane-manipulator (boom, ropes) are energized, the operator (driver) must warn workers about the danger and move the boom away from the power line wires. If this cannot be done, then the operator (driver) must leave the loader crane without touching the metal structures and observing personal safety measures against electric shock (in accordance with the operation manual of the loader crane).

4.3. If during operation of the crane-manipulator the worker (slinger) comes into contact with live parts, the operator (driver) must first of all take measures to free the victim from the effects of electric current, observing personal safety measures, and provide the necessary first aid.

4.4. If a fire occurs on the loader crane, the operator (driver) is obliged to immediately call the fire department, stop work and begin extinguishing the fire, using the fire extinguishing means available on the loader crane.

4.5. If natural disasters occur (hurricane, earthquake, etc.), the operator (driver) must stop work, lower the load to the ground, leave the crane and go to a safe place.

4.6. In case of other emergency situations, the operator (driver) must comply with the safety requirements set out in the operating manual of the loader crane.

4.7. If an accident or accident occurs during the operation of a loader crane, the operator (driver) must immediately notify the person responsible for the safe operation of loader cranes and ensure the safety of the accident or accident situation, if this does not represent danger to human life and health.

4.8. The operator (driver) is obliged to make an entry in the logbook about all emergency situations and notify the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining the cranes in good condition.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. Upon completion of the work of the crane, the operator (driver) must comply with the following requirements:

1) do not leave the load or grab hanging;

2) place the crane in the designated parking area, brake it and lock the cabin;

3) install the boom and hook in the position specified in the operating manual of the loader crane;

4) stop the engine;

5) enter in the logbook information about identified defects and malfunctions of components and elements of the crane.

5.2. When a loader crane operates in several shifts, the operator (crane operator) handing over the shift must inform his shift worker about all problems in the operation of the loader crane and hand over the shift, making a corresponding entry in the logbook.

6. Loader crane maintenance and care

6.1. When servicing a loader crane, the operator (driver) must comply with the requirements set out in the operation manual of the loader crane.

6.2. The operator (driver) is obliged:

1) keep the mechanisms and equipment of the crane clean and in good working order;

2) promptly lubricate all mechanisms of the crane and ropes;

3) know the timing and results of technical examinations and technical maintenance (TO-1, TO-2, TO-3, SO) of the crane;

4) know the timing and results of preventive periodic inspections of the crane and its individual mechanisms and components carried out by mechanics and electricians according to entries in the periodic inspection log.

6.3. Elimination of malfunctions that arise during operation of the crane-manipulator is carried out at the request of the operator (driver). Other types of repairs are carried out in accordance with the preventive maintenance schedule.

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