Instructions on labor protection during the operation of wells equipped with rodless pump units

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instructions on labor protection during the operation of wells equipped with rodless pump installations. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements

This Instruction contains safety requirements for the design of the main and auxiliary equipment and the technology for operating wells equipped with rodless pumping units driven by a submersible (downhole) electric motor - centrifugal (ESP), electric screw (UEVN), diaphragm (UEDN) (hereinafter in the text in cases where referring to all types of electric pumping units, the term UEN is used) and hydraulically driven pumping units driven from a ground source of power (working) fluid - hydraulic piston (HPN) and jet (SN) (hereinafter in the text, in cases related to all types of hydraulic piston units, it is used term UGPN).

For issues not covered by this Instruction, one should be guided by the current rules and other relevant regulatory, technical and guidance documents approved in the prescribed manner.

1.1. Persons who have been trained and tested on the safe conduct of work related to the operation of wells equipped with rodless pump installations, as well as in accordance with the requirements of this Instruction, are allowed to operate and repair wells equipped with UEN and UGPN.

1.2. Maintenance of electrical equipment of UEN and UGPN is allowed for technical personnel who know the schemes of the control stations used, instructions for their operation, who have undergone industrial training and internships at the workplace, as well as testing knowledge with the assignment of a qualification group for electrical safety.

1.3. Installation and dismantling of submersible unit units, as well as UEN ground electrical equipment, inspection, repair and adjustment of it must be carried out by electrical personnel.

Non-electrotechnical personnel (oil and gas production operators) who have the I qualification group for electrical safety are allowed to start and stop pumping units.

1.4. Personnel admitted to the operation and repair of wells equipped with UEN and UGPN must be provided with overalls and personal protective equipment provided for this type of work.

1.5. When operating and repairing wells whose products contain hydrogen sulfide, maintenance personnel must know the safety rules for working in an environment containing hydrogen sulfide and first aid methods for victims. When entering the work area, service personnel must have:

personal protective equipment for respiratory organs (insulating apparatus);
hydrogen sulfide gas detector.

1.6. It is forbidden to touch the cable while the installation is running and its trial starts.

1.7. During round-trip operations, in case of signs of well flowing, it is allowed to cut the cable only after the voltage is removed and in compliance with safety measures to prevent injury to the eyes and face.

1.8. Employees who violate the requirements of this Instruction are liable in accordance with the procedure established by law.

2. Installations of electric submersible pumps

2.1. Requirements for equipment and fixtures

2.1.1. In the wellhead piping, places should be provided for the installation of pressure gauges in order to control the pressure in the tubular and annular space of the well. In the case of flow control with a fitting or control valve, pressure gauges must be installed before and after it.

2.1.2. The design of the wellhead equipment should provide the possibility of depressurizing from the annulus, as well as pumping fluid to kill the well.

2.1.3. Wellhead piping should allow regulation of the ESP supply with the help of wellhead fittings and comply with the piping scheme provided for by the project.

2.1.4. The lifting pipe string must be equipped with a device for ensuring the circulation of process fluid during well killing - a check valve.

2.1.5. When installing electrical equipment in an open area, it must be protected. If the site with the equipment is located at a height of more than 0,7 m from the ground, the site must have a ladder. The distance from the floor of the working platform to the ground must meet the requirements of the technical documentation for the installation of the relevant equipment.

2.1.6. All open moving components of the cable winder and cable-laying mechanisms, which can cause injury to the operating personnel, must have guards.

2.1.7. When the cable reel is controlled from the wellhead, its reversing switch must be explosion-proof.

2.1.8. The design of the cable reel control panel must exclude its accidental or spontaneous activation.

2.1.9. The housings of the control station, transformer (autotransformer), cable winder, as well as cable armor (and a metal stand for laying excess cable) must be grounded by connecting to a grounding office.

A conductor or a technical well string should be used as a ground electrode.

The grounding conductor must be steel, with a cross section of at least 48 sq. mm, welded to the conductor (technical column) at least in two places and buried in the ground at least 0,5 m.

2.1.10. Clamps - elevators must be factory-made with marking of load capacity and diameter.

2.1.11. The CMU control panel should be installed and fixed on the working platform in an area that provides visibility of the screwing (breaking out) of the tubing.

2.1.12. The buttons for turning on (off) the electric motor of the CMU must be placed in the body of the control panel in such a way as to exclude the possibility of switching on in case of accidental contact with them.

2.1.13. To avoid erroneous switching on, it is forbidden to place the buttons of the CMU and the cable reel together on the same table (board).

2.1.14. Each grounding device in operation must have a passport containing the grounding scheme, its main technical data, data on the results of checking the condition of the grounding device, on the nature of the repairs made and changes made to the grounding device.

2.2. Requirements for preparatory work

2.2.1. All work related to the depressurization of the wellhead should be carried out only after the pressure in it has been reduced to atmospheric. Before removing the wellhead equipment, the well must be plugged with a fluid that prevents formation fluid from entering the well during tripping operations.

2.2.2. During loading and unloading operations with the equipment, it is forbidden to stand within the radius of action of the boom of the lifting device, as well as against the cable drum.

2.2.3. Do not hang the guide roller on a hemp rope or rope loop.

2.2.4. A metal hook must be attached to the leg of the tripping facility to divert and hold the cable during make-up and break-out of the tubing.

2.2.5. When working on a cluster of wells equipped with UEN, the cables that enter the zone of movement and installation of equipment for underground workover of wells must be de-energized, removed from the racks and covered with casings (wooden, metal), ensuring the safety of insulation and the safety of working personnel.

2.3. Requirements for the performance of technological operations

2.3.1. During installation and dismantling of the submersible unit, the hoist winch should be turned on and off only at the signal of the operator of the underground workover.

2.3.2. Before connecting the cable to the motor, make sure that the other end of the cable is not connected to the control station.

2.3.3. Under the cable going from the cable winder to the wellhead, it is necessary to install stands. The cable should not come into contact with the ground and should not touch the elements of the lifting facility.

2.3.4. It is forbidden to carry out any work on the cable during tripping and lifting operations.

2.3.5. Stopping the drum should be carried out only by turning off the electric motor. It is forbidden to brake the drum with hands, a board or a pipe.

2.3.6. Winding (unwinding) and laying the cable on the cable reel drum by hand is prohibited.

2.3.7. When working with CMU, tripping operations with a small weight of the tubing in the well (approximately 200 - 250 m) should be carried out using forks.

2.3.8. When operating wells with annular pressure, the cable at the exit from the wellhead equipment must be reliably sealed. To do this, it is necessary to use sealing elements made of oil and gas resistant materials.

2.3.9. The cable from the wellhead to the control station must be laid along special supports with a height of at least 0,5 m from the ground and a distance between them of no more than 3 m.

A warning sign "Caution! Electrical voltage" must be installed along the cable route.

2.3.10. To prevent the passage of gas through the cable to the TPPF room or control station, the cable coming from the well must have an open connection with the cable going to the control station or TPPT. Such a connection can be made in a special junction box at a distance of at least 15 m from the control station or KTPPN at a height of at least 0,8 m from the ground. The metal body of the box must be grounded.

2.4. Measuring the insulation resistance of electrical equipment

2.4.1. The measurement of the resistance of grounding conductors, as well as the specific resistance of the soil, should be carried out, as a rule, during periods of the lowest soil conductivity: in summer - with the greatest drying out or in winter - with the greatest freezing of the soil.

2.4.2. Measurements of the insulation resistance of any part of the electrical installation can only be carried out when this part is disconnected from all sides.

2.4.3. Before starting work with a megger, it is necessary to make sure that there are no people working on the part of the electrical installation to which the megger is connected.

2.4.4. Measurement of insulation resistance with a megger for voltage up to 2,5 kW should be carried out by a trained person from among the electrical personnel with a qualification group for electrical safety not lower than III.

2.4.5. In the process of measuring the insulation resistance of the cable, it is forbidden to touch it and the cable winder.

2.4.6. After measuring the insulation resistance, it is necessary to remove the residual charge from the winding of the submersible motor and the cable cores to earth.

2.4.7. Measurement with a megohmmeter and removal of residual charge should be carried out with dielectric gloves.

2.5. Well operation

2.5.1. Only representatives of the base (workshop) for the rental and repair of ESPs are allowed to work with the control station. After setting up the relay protection, the control station must be closed and sealed.

2.5.2. All work on the installation, testing, adjustment, removal for repair and installation of measuring instruments and relays, changing fuses, identifying and eliminating faults in the control station, as well as switching the taps of autotransformers (transformers) should be carried out only when the unit is turned off by a team of electricians of at least two people with a qualification group for electrical safety of the senior not lower than IV, the other - not lower than III.

2.5.3. All work with the control station connected to the network should be carried out with dielectric gloves.

2.5.4. Starting positive displacement pumps UEDN, UEVN "on a closed valve" is prohibited. A nipple or control valve must be used to check for differential pressure supply.

2.5.5. Before replacing (installing) a fitting in the working outlet, the pressure must be reduced to atmospheric through a branch pipe with a gate valve (valve). In this case, the pumping unit must be turned off or the well production must be directed through the emergency outlet to the collector, reservoir or annulus of the well.

2.5.6. In case of depressurization of the wellhead stuffing box, its sealing should be carried out only after the pressure in the annulus is reduced to atmospheric pressure.

2.6. Lifting and dismantling the submersible unit

2.6.1. Before lifting the submersible unit, the cable must be disconnected from the control station.

2.6.2. The cable seal in the wellhead fitting should be disassembled only after the pressure in the annulus has been reduced to atmospheric pressure.

2.6.3. In wells, from the production of which the release of hydrogen sulfide with a concentration above the MPC is possible, dismantling of the wellhead fittings and draining the fluid from the tubing should be carried out after the complete replacement of the well fluid with oil or water of the appropriate density.

2.6.4. Before disconnecting the cable from the submersible motor, the cable must be loosened and lie freely on the supports.

3. Installations of hydraulic driven pumps

3.1. Hardware Requirements

3.1.1. In the wellhead piping, places should be provided for the installation of pressure gauges in order to control the pressure in the tubular and annular space of the well.

3.1.2. The design of the wellhead equipment and the manifold should provide the possibility of depressurizing the tubing and annulus, as well as pumping fluid to kill the well.

3.1.3. When installing electrical equipment in an open area, it must be protected. If the site with the equipment is located at a height of more than 0,7 m from the ground, the site must have a ladder. The distance from the floor of the working platform to the ground must be at least 200 mm.

3.1.4. UGPN power pumps must be equipped with electrocontact and indicating pressure gauges.

3.1.5. UGPN power pumps must be equipped with a safety valve calibrated to the maximum operating pressure. The liquid from the safety valve must be discharged to the pump intake or to the separator. There must be no shut-off valves in the line for draining liquid from the safety valve.

3.1.6. All equipment and pipelines of the working fluid must be pressurized with a pressure exceeding the working pressure by 1,5 times. Pressurization is carried out with a holding time of 20 minutes. Leaking and sweating is not allowed.

The equipment of the mouth of the UGPN with a dumped submersible unit should include a mast with a winch (or chain hoist) for tripping operations.

3.1.7. Closed rooms of the technological units of the plant, where pumps, separators, tanks and other equipment containing liquids and gaseous hydrocarbons are installed, must:

be equipped with forced ventilation, providing eight-fold air exchange for the full, internal volume of the room for an hour;
have at least two exits;
during the period of operation of the maintenance personnel, have a temperature in the blocks of at least 5 ° C, a noise level of not more than 85 dB, a vibration speed of not more than 2 mm / s;
be equipped with explosion-proof devices and equipment;
be equipped with an automatic volumetric gas fire extinguishing system.

3.1.8. Technological units of the plant, located in enclosed spaces, must be equipped with devices and equipment in an explosion-proof design.

Premises where service personnel are constantly located must be equipped with a forced supply and exhaust ventilation system and equipped with gas analyzers with warning alarms.

Premises without permanent attendants should be equipped with doors equipped with blocking locks, the opening of which occurs only after the required time has elapsed after the forced ventilation has been turned on. The exposure time depends on the volume of the room, taking into account its five-fold exchange from the moment the ventilation unit starts working until the moment the lock is released from the door locks.

3.1.9. The width of the working passage for servicing pumps, instruments and other equipment should be 0,75 m.

3.1.10. Pipelines laid at the bottom must be placed in trays and covered with running decks.

3.1.11. Each discharge line of the group UGPN must be equipped with a pressure gauge and a working fluid flow regulator.

3.1.12. The distance between the premises of the pumping and measuring tank and the wellhead must meet the requirements of fire safety and ensure the convenience of operating the equipment of the installation.

3.1.13. When using well products as a working fluid, the installation must be equipped with an automatic volumetric gas fire extinguishing system.

3.1.14. With an individual pumping station for each well, the room for the power pump should be located taking into account the direction of the prevailing winds.

3.2. Requirements for the performance of technological operations

3.2.1. The descent and removal of the hydraulic pump, scraper and other equipment must be carried out using the lubricator supplied with the installation.

3.2.2. Mounting and dismantling of the lubricator must be carried out using a lifting mechanism and a mast with the central valve closed, in compliance with the manual for this type of work.

3.2.3. When installing and removing a hydraulic pump lubricator, precautions must be taken to prevent it from falling out of the lubricator.

3.2.4. Before opening the wellhead equipment or removing the lubricator, reduce the pressure in them to atmospheric.

3.2.5. Before entering the room of the technological unit, it is necessary:

check the gas contamination of the room and the condition of the ventilation system;
turn on the lighting;
switch the gas fire extinguishing system from automatic start to manual.

3.2.6. In the event of a fire in the block, it is necessary to leave the room, close all doors and turn on the automatic fire extinguishing system with the button located at the front door. After leaving, it is necessary to switch the fire extinguishing system to automatic start.

3.2.7. Before running the packer, the production string must be gauged, if necessary, ribbed, flushed to bottom hole and pressure tested.

3.2.8. The hydraulic piston unit must be put into operation after checking the serviceability of the electrocontact pressure gauge with open locking devices on the suction and discharge lines of the power pump and on the bypass line. Pressure in the pressure system should be created after the normal operation of the surface equipment is established.

3.2.9. When the power pump is stopped, the pressure in the discharge pipeline must be reduced to atmospheric pressure.

3.2.10. Prior to removing the hydraulic piston pump from the well, the pressure in the head of the wellhead must be reduced to atmospheric pressure.

3.2.11. The serviceability of the automation system and safety devices is checked within the time limits established by the operating instructions.

3.2.12. The power plant is put into operation after checking the serviceability of the automation systems with open locking devices on the suction, discharge and bypass lines of the working fluid of the power pump. The pressure in the pressure system is created after the normal operating mode of the ground equipment is established.

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