Chemical pollution of the atmosphere. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Chemical pollution of the atmosphere. Fundamentals of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Man has polluted the atmosphere for thousands of years, but the consequences of the use of fire, which he used throughout this period, were insignificant. The resulting heat was valued by humans more than clean air. Initial air pollution was not a problem because people lived in small groups, keeping the natural environment intact. And even a significant concentration of people in relatively small areas was not accompanied by serious consequences. Over the past 100 years the situation has worsened significantly.

Currently allocated three main sources of air pollution: industry, domestic boiler houses, transport. The share of each of these sources in total air pollution varies in different regions. It is generally accepted that the most heavily polluting air is thermal power plants, which emit sulfur and carbon dioxide into the air along with smoke, as well as metallurgical enterprises, especially non-ferrous metallurgy, as a result of which nitrogen oxides, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, fluorine, ammonia, phosphorus compounds, particles and compounds of mercury and arsenic. This list can also include chemical and cement plants.

Atmospheric pollutants are divided into primary, which enter directly into the atmosphere, and secondary, which are the result of the transformation of the latter. Thus, sulfur dioxide is oxidized in the atmosphere to sulfuric anhydride, which reacts with water vapor and forms droplets of sulfuric acid. When sulfuric anhydride reacts with ammonia, ammonium sulfate crystals are formed. In a similar way - as a result of chemical, photochemical, physicochemical reactions between pollutants and atmospheric components - other secondary pollutants are formed.

The main sources of pyrogenic pollution on the planet are thermal power plants, metallurgical and chemical enterprises, and boiler plants, which consume more than 170% of the annually produced solid and liquid fuel.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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