infectious diseases. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Free library / Directory / Basics of safe life

infectious diseases. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Infectious diseases - diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms and transmitted from an infected person or animal to a healthy one. Diseases caused by parasites - pathogens of animal origin, are called parasitic. Infectious diseases can occur in the presence of sources of infectious agents; factors that ensure the transmission of pathogens from an infected organism to a healthy one; people susceptible to infection.

The ability to cause disease in different microorganisms is determined by their ability to invade certain organs and tissues, multiply in them and release toxic substances. The causative agents of intestinal infectious diseases are transmitted through water, food products, and also by flies, while people become infected with typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery, etc.; pathogens of airborne infectious diseases are transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person mainly with air (when coughing, sneezing, talking), and people get flu, measles, diphtheria, etc .; infectious diseases of the external integument (skin, visible mucous membranes) are transmitted from a sick person or animal through direct contact and through household items, people suffer from fungal skin infections, etc .; blood infections, which include typhus, relapsing fever, tick-borne and mosquito encephalitis, malaria, etc., are transmitted from person (animal) to person through blood-sucking arthropod vectors: lice, mosquitoes, ticks, mosquitoes, horseflies.

Such negative factors as fasting, monotonous irregular nutrition, lack of vitamins, proteins in food, overwork, overheating, hypothermia, worms and other diseases weaken the body and contribute to a more severe course of the infectious disease itself, as well as the occurrence of complications of various degrees of severity.

In the development of all infectious diseases, an incubation, or latent, period is distinguished; prodromal, or period of precursors; the period of the main manifestations of the disease; the period of extinction of the disease and the period of recovery.

During the period of the main manifestations, there are signs both common to many infectious diseases of the phenomenon of intoxication - chills, fever, weakness, headache, etc., and characteristic of each infectious disease (for example, rapid stools, false urge to defecate, liquid stool mixed with blood in dysentery).

During the extinction of the disease, its main manifestations decrease or completely disappear, the temperature gradually or quickly decreases, recovery occurs or the disease takes a protracted (sometimes with relapses, exacerbations) or chronic course.

Author: Muradova E.O.

We recommend interesting articles Section Basics of safe life:

▪ Protection of reservoirs. Consequences of pollution

▪ Rules of conduct and actions of the population in the focus of nuclear destruction

▪ Emergencies at radiation hazardous facilities

See other articles Section Basics of safe life.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

A New Way to Control and Manipulate Optical Signals 05.05.2024

The modern world of science and technology is developing rapidly, and every day new methods and technologies appear that open up new prospects for us in various fields. One such innovation is the development by German scientists of a new way to control optical signals, which could lead to significant progress in the field of photonics. Recent research has allowed German scientists to create a tunable waveplate inside a fused silica waveguide. This method, based on the use of a liquid crystal layer, allows one to effectively change the polarization of light passing through a waveguide. This technological breakthrough opens up new prospects for the development of compact and efficient photonic devices capable of processing large volumes of data. The electro-optical control of polarization provided by the new method could provide the basis for a new class of integrated photonic devices. This opens up great opportunities for ... >>

Primium Seneca keyboard 05.05.2024

Keyboards are an integral part of our daily computer work. However, one of the main problems that users face is noise, especially in the case of premium models. But with the new Seneca keyboard from Norbauer & Co, that may change. Seneca is not just a keyboard, it is the result of five years of development work to create the ideal device. Every aspect of this keyboard, from acoustic properties to mechanical characteristics, has been carefully considered and balanced. One of the key features of Seneca is its silent stabilizers, which solve the noise problem common to many keyboards. In addition, the keyboard supports various key widths, making it convenient for any user. Although Seneca is not yet available for purchase, it is scheduled for release in late summer. Norbauer & Co's Seneca represents new standards in keyboard design. Her ... >>

The world's tallest astronomical observatory opened 04.05.2024

Exploring space and its mysteries is a task that attracts the attention of astronomers from all over the world. In the fresh air of the high mountains, far from city light pollution, the stars and planets reveal their secrets with greater clarity. A new page is opening in the history of astronomy with the opening of the world's highest astronomical observatory - the Atacama Observatory of the University of Tokyo. The Atacama Observatory, located at an altitude of 5640 meters above sea level, opens up new opportunities for astronomers in the study of space. This site has become the highest location for a ground-based telescope, providing researchers with a unique tool for studying infrared waves in the Universe. Although the high altitude location provides clearer skies and less interference from the atmosphere, building an observatory on a high mountain poses enormous difficulties and challenges. However, despite the difficulties, the new observatory opens up broad research prospects for astronomers. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

A new way of light propagation in glass 10.11.2018

A significant difficulty facing the designers of optical metamaterials is that some free space is required for the propagation of light from one structural element to another. It has no other useful functions, but dimensions are required.

A group of physicists led by Andrew Faraon of Caltech decided to overcome this problem. Scientists have proposed a new concept for the use of metamaterials, in which reflective surfaces of different types are glued to the substrate in a certain order on both sides. As a result, the substrate becomes a full-fledged participant in the process, a medium in which light propagates with the desired properties.

As a proof of concept, the team used their technique to build a spectrometer, which is a scientific instrument for splitting light into different colors or wavelengths and measuring their respective intensities. The spectrometer, built by the Pharaoh team, has linear dimensions of the order of a millimeter and consists of three reflective metasurfaces placed next to each other that separate and reflect light, and ultimately focus it on the detector matrix.

A compact spectrometer like the one developed by the group could have many applications, including as a non-invasive blood glucose measurement system that could be invaluable to diabetic patients.

Other interesting news:

▪ Mask with NFC tag

▪ LP3883 CMOS Voltage Regulator

▪ Lunar ark for biomaterials

▪ Free replacement of displays in Motorola smartphones

▪ Autonomous combat robot

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Tools and mechanisms for agriculture. Article selection

▪ article For a bag - not a spring, but an elastic band. Tips for the home master

▪ article What was in the beak of the plague doctors? Detailed answer

▪ article Doctor and nurse at work in the first-aid post. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article How to increase the life of the kinescope. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article One-way street. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews