Affecting factors of natural emergency sources. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Affecting factors of natural emergency sources. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

To geological natural phenomena include the following: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, mudflows, snow avalanches, landslides, precipitation of the earth's surface, which occur as a result of karst phenomena.

Earthquakes - these are tremors and vibrations of the earth's surface, resulting from sudden displacements and ruptures in the earth or upper part of the mantle and transmitted over long distances in the form of elastic vibrations.

Volcanic activity arises as a result of constant active processes occurring in the depths of the Earth, and threatens the inhabitants of the Earth who live in close proximity to areas of volcanic activity.

Landslide - sliding displacements down the slope under the action of gravity of the soil masses that form the slopes of hills, mountains, river, lake and sea terraces. They are caused by watering the soil, changing the type of plantations, destruction of vegetation, weathering and shaking.

Seli - short-term rapid floods on mountain rivers, having the character of mud-stone flows; occur in connection with earthquakes, heavy snowfalls, downpours, intense snowmelt.

Avalanche - a snowfall, a mass of snow falling or sliding from the mountain slopes under the influence of some kind of influence and entraining new masses of snow on its way.

Meteorological springs are caused by wind, storm, hurricane, tornado, heavy rain, large hail, heavy snow, heavy snowstorms, dust storms, frost, severe frost or extreme heat.

Hydrological sources are called:

1) high water level is floods, in which there is flooding of lowered parts of cities and towns, crops, damage to industrial and transport facilities;

2) low water level, when navigation, water supply of cities and national economic facilities, irrigation systems are disrupted;

3) mudflows and snow avalanches;

4) early freezing and the appearance of ice on navigable water bodies.

Concept "natural fires" combines forest fires, fires of steppe and grain massifs, peat and underground fires of fossil fuels and is characterized by uncontrolled combustion and spontaneous spread over the surface.

К biological sources of emergency include epidemics, epizootics and epiphytoties.

Epidemic - the widespread spread of an infectious disease among people, significantly exceeding the incidence rate usually recorded in a given territory.

epizootics - infectious diseases of animals that have common features (presence of a specific pathogen, cyclical development, the ability to be transmitted from an infected animal to a healthy one and take on epizootic spread).

Space hazards: asteroids; exposure to solar radiation.

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Diamond microcrystals have been discovered in Western Australia, which may indicate a very early appearance of life on Earth. These micron-sized diamonds, located inside the crystals of another mineral - zircon, are 4,25 billion years old. The age was determined from the composition of trace elements in zircon.

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