Electric welding. History of invention and production

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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
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Electric welding. History of invention and production

The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

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Electric welding is one of the welding methods that uses an electric arc to heat and melt metal.

The temperature of the electric arc (up to 5000 °C) exceeds the melting points of all existing metals.

Electricity is supplied from the welding transformer to the electrode and the workpiece to form and maintain an electric arc. Under the action of the heat of the electric arc (up to 7000 ° C), the edges of the parts to be welded and the electrode metal are melted, forming a weld pool, which is in a molten state for some time. In the weld pool, the electrode metal is mixed with the molten metal of the product (base metal), and the molten slag floats to the surface, forming a protective film. When the metal solidifies, a welded joint is formed. The energy required to form and maintain an electric arc is obtained from special DC or AC power sources.

In the process of electric welding, consumable and non-consumable electrodes can be used. In the first case, the formation of the weld occurs during the melting of the electrode itself, in the second case, during the melting of the filler wire (rods, etc.), which is introduced directly into the weld pool.

Electric welding

The familiar electric arc has found many useful applications in the modern world: it is used in powerful arc lamps for lighting, in smelting metallurgical furnaces, in electric welding and other areas. But few people know that it was not the famous Humphry Davy who discovered this phenomenon in 1808, but the little-known Russian scientist, ordinary professor of physics at the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy Vasily Petrov - and he did it six years earlier.

After graduating from the Kharkov Collegium and the St. Petersburg Teachers' Seminary, Vasily Petrov went to Altai in 1788 to work as a physics teacher at the Kolyvansko-Voskresensky Mining School in Barnaul, and in 1791 returned to St. Petersburg to teach mathematics at the engineering school under the Izmailovsky regiment. Two years later, he was invited by the St. Petersburg Medical College.

However, Petrov was not only a brilliant teacher, who in 1795 received the post of professor of physics at the Medico-Surgical Academy, but also a real scientist. He was especially interested in a completely new, only emerging science of electricity. Having become acquainted with the works of the pioneers - Galvani and Volta, Petrov decides to repeat their experiments on a truly Russian scale. His work with a long title "The news of the galvanic-voltaic experiments that were carried out by professor of physics Vasily Petrov using a huge battery, sometimes consisting of 4200 copper and zinc circles, located at the St. three years after Volta assembled the world's first direct current source.

The battery described in this work was amazing: it consisted of 2100 copper-zinc galvanic cells connected in series, stacked in four rows in a wooden box 3 m long. With the help of this gigantic battery, the voltage of which was about 1,7-2 kV ( voltmeters did not exist then, so there was no exact data left), the scientist managed to discover an amazing phenomenon in 1802.

Electric welding
Electric arc

He noticed that sparks arise when the circuit is broken, began to try various materials for conductivity and soon discovered that "if two or three charcoal are placed on a glass tile, capable of producing luminiferous phenomena by means of a galvanic-voltaic liquid, and if then metal insulated guides, communicated with both poles of a huge battery, to bring them closer to each other at a distance of one to three lines, then between them is a very bright white light or flame, from which these coals ignite sooner or more slowly and from which the dark peace is quite clearly illuminated may be".

The phenomenon described by Petrov is nothing more than a powerful electric arc. It was this physical phenomenon that Sir Humphry Davy demonstrated at a meeting of the Royal Society in 1808, calling it the "Voltaic Arc".

Author: S.Apresov

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