Container ship. History of invention and production

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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
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Container ship. History of invention and production

The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

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A container ship is a specialized cargo ship for the carriage of cargo in homogeneous enlarged cargo units - containers (TEU). In maritime container transportation, standard ISO containers are mainly used. As a rule, the crew of a container ship consists of 10-26 people, since such ships are extremely automated.

Container

The author of the idea of a container ship and the founder of the first container transportation company is the American Malcolm McLean.

Malcom McLean was born in 1913 in the town of Maxton, North Carolina, the son of a farmer. In 1931, at the height of the Great Depression, he took a job at a gas station, and three years later, having saved some money, he bought a used truck and, together with his brother and sister, formed McLean Trucking, where he worked as a driver.

In 1937, while delivering a cargo of cotton to the port of Hoboken, New Jersey, Malcolm had to wait in line to unload. Port loaders one by one hooked the bales to the slings and loaded them on board the ship. It was then that he came up with an idea that, after 19 years, turned the entire trucking industry upside down. During this time, McLean built up a transportation company with a fleet of over 1700 trucks. However, he believed that "ships are more efficient in transporting goods. No weight restrictions, no repairs, tires, drivers and fuel. Only the trailer itself, no wheels. And not one trailer, not two, not five, but hundreds - on one ship ".

The idea was not new - in the 1920s, Brush and Hodgson founded the Seatrain Lines company and designed a freight ship into which freight cars could be rolled. The company survived until the early 1950s, but confrontation with the major railroad companies killed it. McLean also relied on road transport. In 1955, he hired engineer Keith Tantlinger to design a shipping container. McLean defined the size of the container as 35 feet, which was the length of a semi-trailer. Tantlinger developed special locks that held the containers together when stacked in five layers. The container was strong enough to withstand the elements and protect its contents during transport and loading.

McLean sold his share in road transportation and bought a small shipping company, renamed it Sea-Land Industries and converted one of the tankers, Ideal X, into a container ship. In April 1956, the ship left the port of Newark and arrived in Houston four days later. At that time, not all ports were equipped with unloading cranes, so the next ship, Gateway City, in addition to 226 containers, carried two such cranes on board.

Unloading and loading of this vessel took 42 workers 14 hours, while "non-container" counterparts required 126 workers and 84 hours. By 1969, when McLean sold the company, Sea-Land owned 36 container ships carrying 27 containers to 000 ports. Now more than 30% of shipping is containerized, and almost 90 million containers make 20 million journeys annually.

Malcom McLean died in 2001 at the age of 87. On the day of the funeral, a lingering whistle blew across the seas and oceans of the world as container ships paid their last respects to the father of container shipping. The company he founded, after a series of mergers, became part of the Danish Maersk Line, the world's largest container shipping company.

Author: S.Apresov

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