Vinyl. History of invention and production

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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
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Vinyl. History of invention and production

The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

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Vinyl (from lat. vinum (vini) - wine) is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical, a derivative of ethylene, in which one of the hydrogen atoms is removed (CH2=CH-). The vinyl radical is part of many polymers (polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate). All of these polymers are often also referred to as "vinyl".

Vinyl
Vinyl record

It all started with the fact that in 1835 the German chemist Justus von Liebig synthesized vinyl chloride - a compound that in a hundred years was to play a huge role in industry and everyday life. In 1872, the German Eugene Baumann first obtained a polymer of this substance - polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and in 1912 Fritz Klatte patented an industrial method for the production of PVC. However, this fragile material did not receive wide practical application at that time.

Four years later, across the ocean, Waldo Semon entered the University of Washington in Seattle, dreaming of becoming a chemist. In 1920 he received a bachelor's degree, in 1923 he became a doctor and remained to teach chemistry at his alma mater. However, in 1926, his former supervisor, Harry Trumbull, who had by then become head of the chemical research department at BFGoodrich, suggested that he change his teaching path to a researcher's coat, and Semon agreed.

The laboratories of BFGoodrich, one of the largest manufacturers of automobile and aircraft tires, were at the time working on a method for applying rubber coatings to metal parts. Trumbull believed that synthetic analogues of rubber would be better suited for this purpose. Semon's first attempts to solve the problem with raw rubber and the synthetic rubber that existed at that time were unsuccessful.

Among other materials, Semon tried PVC. To make a brittle material elastic, Semon heated its powder in a solvent and then cooled it. In doing so, he obtained an elastic jelly-like mass, which, to his disappointment, was not at all sticky. And although it was a wonderful material that made, for example, excellent shoe soles, Semon returned to the search for rubber coatings for metal.

During the Great Depression in 1929, BFGoodrich looked for new ways to survive in the market. Semon's proposal to release new material did not arouse enthusiasm among the authorities - no one simply believed in the possibility of its mass application. Legend has it that Semon convinced directors by showing them a PVC-coated waterproof fabric, and in 1931 the first products made from a material called vinyl saw the light of day.

Vinyl
Polyvinyl chloride (vinyl)

Vinyl turned out to be one of the most versatile and easy-to-make and process materials - it was (and is) used to make fabric coatings, wire insulation, shoe soles, inflatable boats, house cladding, various seals, interior details and thousands of other things.

For more than 70 years, this material has been ranked second among plastics in terms of global production, it is used for the electrical insulation of wires and cables, the production of sheets, pipes (mainly chlorinated polyvinyl chloride), films, films for stretch ceilings, artificial leather, PVC fiber, polyvinyl chloride foam, linoleum, dirt mats, shoe plastics, furniture edges, etc. It is also used for the production of gramophone records (that is, vinyl), profiles for the manufacture of windows and doors.

Polyvinyl chloride is also often used in clothing and accessories to create a leather-like material that is smooth and shiny.

Polyvinyl chloride is used as a sealant in domestic refrigerators, instead of relatively complex mechanical seals. This made it possible to use magnetic closures in the form of magnetized elastic inserts placed in the sealant bottle.

Washable wallpaper is covered with a PVC film on the front side, making the wallpaper waterproof.

It is also widely used in pyrotechnics as a donor of chlorine, which is necessary to create colored lights.

It is widely used in advertising: for decorating shop windows and retail outlets, creating advertising banners and posters. It serves as a raw material for the production of various kinds of products from records and posters to stickers. The metal mesh of the octagon, where MMA competitions are held, is covered with a PVC layer. PVC is also used to make condoms for people with latex allergies.

Polyvinyl chloride is used in the production of knitted work gloves for applying various patterns to a knitted base. The PVC pattern on the glove provides a good grip when performing various tasks, prevents the slipping process, and increases the wear resistance of the product.

Polyvinyl chloride is used to produce chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, which has the highest fire resistance characteristics and the highest flash point (482 °C) among thermoplastics.

Author: S.Apresov

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