Fire from water. Drawing, description

BUILDER, HOUSEHOLDER
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Fire from water. Tips for the home master

Builder, home master

Everyone will be convinced that a few liters of water is enough to produce a high-temperature flame (200 °C) after reading the description of the design of the electrolyzer I developed.

The high temperature of the torch ensures the soldering of ferrous and non-ferrous metals with almost any refractory solder or the metal itself (welding). The high concentration of heat in a narrow spot allows you to burn, for example, holes Ø 2 mm or more in thin sheet steel, heat treat tools, and perform shaped cutting of thin sheet steel.

A “water” burner can be used to process enamels, ceramics, and glass, including quartz. To do this, however, the temperature of the torch is increased by 5000 °C (the method is not described here). The resulting torch is silent, the absence of carbon in its composition ensures smokelessness. The combustion waste product is simply superheated water vapor, which is colorless and odorless.

fire from water
Rice. 1. This is what a water burner looks like (in a block with a water seal)

Based on the manufacture of the device by any craftsman, an extremely simple design is offered, in which there are no cylinders, gearboxes, valves and a complex burner.

The main part of the device is an electrolyzer; it consists of a series of hermetic cavities formed by electrodes, gaskets between them and boards. The sealing of the package assembled in this way is carried out with a coupler bolts.

Rice. 2. Scheme of the electrolyzer (click to enlarge): 1 - board, 2 - gasket, 3 - electrodes, 4 - coupling bolt, 5 - hole for the gas mixture, 6 - sump with a partition, 7 - fitting, 8 - hose, 9 - water lock body, 10 - gas inlet tube of the shutter, 11 - auto switch body, 12 - contactor, 13 - rubber bulb, 14 - hose to the burner, 15 - burner handle, 16 - fire extinguishing packing, 17 - hollow needle, 18 - check valve, 19 - water column, 20 - low water tap, 21 - filler pipe, 22 - filter grate, 23 - filter, 24 - emergency check valve, 25 - bell, 26 - sump drain pipe, 27 - electrolyte drain pipe, 28 - filler tube, 29 - screw plug, 30 - electrolyte.

Technical characteristics of the electrolyzer

Mains voltage, V - 220
Power consumption (adjustable), W - up to 1000
Water consumption at maximum power, l / h - 60
Working pressure (adjustable) of gas, atm - up to 0,3
Gas output at maximum power, l/h - up to 150
Maximum heat energy of the flame, kcal/h - 500
Coefficient of conversion of electrical energy into chemical - 0,7
The composition of the mixture (oxygen and hydrogen in the exact ratio) - 1:2
Flame size (needle-shaped): maximum diameter - up to 5 mm; maximum length (adjustable) - up to 150 mm
Temperature of a stable needle jet - 2000°

Through the filling tube, the cavities are filled with electrolyte; its level is limited to the upper end of the tube. The hole located in the lower part of each electrode serves to uniformly fill each cavity with electrolyte. The lower branch pipe is intended for emptying of cavities. Both tubes are hermetically sealed.

During electrolysis, the resulting gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen through the hole located in the upper part of each electrode is sent to the sump, divided into two parts by a partition. From it, the mixture enters the water lock through a fitting and a hose, bubbles (passes) through a layer of water and enters the burner through the hose.

An equally important part of the device is a water seal. It serves to separate the inlet and outlet gas hoses with a water column 120-150 mm high, through which the gas bubbles. The shutter reliably protects the electrolyser from an accidental flash of gas in the burner hose.

Its body is made of a metal pipe Ø 100 mm, welded at both ends. Water is poured through the pipe to the upper control level. The crane is located on the lower longitudinal level. The grate serves as a support for a filter made of any granular non-combustible material. The filter prevents moisture from being carried away by the gas. The gas receiver ends with a non-return valve of conventional design. A non-return valve with a bell is also mounted in the body, which is triggered by an accidental flash of gas.

Automatic voltage switch - homemade. It consists of a housing, a contactor and a rubber bulb. The cavity of the latter is connected to the cavity of the water seal. When the pressure in the system is exceeded, the pear swells and, by pressing the contactor lever, disconnects the device from the mains.

The rectifier circuit consists of the following elements: laboratory autotransformer - LATR 2 kW, step-down transformer 220/65 V, diode bridge 15 A (any design), fuse 20 A, ammeter (scale not less than 15 A), voltmeter.

fire from water
Rice. 3. Electric circuit of the electrolyzer rectifier

The rectifier is connected to the electrolyzer bipolar, as indicated in the diagram.

The block diagram looks like this: 220 V network > Rectifier > Electrolyzer > Water seal > Burner

Rice. 4. Burner diagram

Calculation and production

In accordance with Faraday's law, during electrolysis, the amount of the released substance is proportional to the current strength. Theoretically, every 2V.7 A produces 11,7 liters of hydrogen and 5,85 liters of oxygen. In practice, the current output is never 100%. The voltage drop on each pair of electrodes (calculated) is 2 V. The current density per 1 dm2 of the electrode area depends on the time of continuous operation of the electrolyzer and ranges from 2 to 5 A.

The simplicity of the design made it possible to reduce the number of main parts to three: an electrode, a gasket, and a board.

Electrode - sheet pickled or transformer iron 250x250 mm thick 0,3-0,5 mm (32 pcs.). Gasket - medium hard rubber (flange), ring Ø 220 x Ø 250 mm, thickness - 4-6 mm (31 pcs). Board - any insulating material (sheet) 300x350 mm, thickness at least 20 mm (2 pcs.). Tightening bolts - M12 made of steel 45, length - according to location (at least 4 pcs.).

The electrolyte is a 22% sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) in distilled water. As it is consumed (total amount 4 l), only distilled water is added to the electrolyzer.

Before pouring the electrolyte, it is necessary to test the tightness of the assembled electrolyzer by filling it under pressure with water from the city water supply; the slightest smudges are carefully eliminated. During operation of the electrolyzer, the heating of the electrolyte above 65°C must not be allowed.

Due to the constancy of the composition of the gas mixture issued by the electrolyzer, the requirements for the burner are also simplified. It can be an ordinary injection needle from a medical syringe, more precisely, a set of needles of different diameters, from 0,3 to 1 mm. The needle is attached to the cone of the handle fitting in the same way as on the syringe. The burner handle is a piece of a tube to which gas is supplied from a water lock through a fitting and a hose. Inside the handle is placed fire-extinguishing packing in the form of fine metal shot and mesh.

As hoses, a PVC pipe Ø 4-5 mm is used.

Safety Recommendations

It should be remembered that the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen produced by the electrolyzer is explosive!

However, the device itself, with the care of its execution and the accuracy of working with it, does not pose any danger. This is achieved by the fact that there are no intermediate containers of significant volume; gas does not accumulate anywhere: how much of it is produced, the same amount is simultaneously consumed by the torch.

However, it is categorically unacceptable to fill any containers with the resulting gas mixture for any technological purposes, and even more so inflatable children's flying balls. In no case should you also check the tightness of the joints in the design of the electrolyzer with a candle, match or other open flame; it is also unacceptable to work without pouring water to the upper control level in the water lock or without a systematic check of the presence of water in it, filled in before starting work. Decreased electrolyte levels are also dangerous. It is necessary to constantly add distilled water as the electrolyte is consumed.

When preparing the electrolyte, wear protective goggles and rubber gloves.

It is necessary to extinguish the working torch of the flame not by turning off the power supply, but by lowering the needle into a container of water, otherwise the needle will overheat and it will fail.

The operator must work with the burner wearing light-protective goggles.

In conclusion, a few words about prospects. Designers are aware that there are no machines, devices, instruments that cannot be improved. This also applies to the electrolyzer. Here it is possible, for example, to do without a LATR and a transformer in a rectifier, without reducing the operational quality; in the cell itself - without rubber or other gaskets; change the operating mode to continuous; increase the flame temperature from 2000 to 3000 °C.

There are many places that are seasonally cut off by off-roads or too far from supply bases. For those working in such conditions, the author has developed a model of an electrolyzer that produces gas under pressure, especially for performing one-time, for example, emergency, work with a large torch power.

I hope, together with interested readers, to carry out a broad check of this, as it seems to me, promising, development.

Author: S.Serov

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Comments on the article:

Alex
Tried, works [up]

BS
1) <<...high temperature flame (200°C)>>??? Or 2000°C [roll] ? 2) <<refractory solders or the metal itself (welding)>>>??? [roll]

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