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What are "third world countries"? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What are "third world countries"? The formation of more than a hundred new states has changed the political landscape of the planet. The liberated countries made up the majority of the countries of the world. They had to solve the primary tasks of overcoming backwardness from most European states. In this sense, they constituted, as it were, a third world, along with the existing first - capitalist and second - socialist worlds. Another common name for the classification of the newly-free countries was the concept of "developing countries" in contrast to the countries of the West, which have reached a high level of development. Developing countries, that is, third world countries, were not homogeneous. In this world there is a huge variety of economic, social, political, national, religious and other specific conditions. Socio-political differentiation in the third world continues. There are big differences not only between Asia, Africa and Latin America per se, but on each of these continents there is a mosaic of states that differ significantly in level of development, interests, place in the region itself and in the international community. In solving the problems facing each of the third world countries chose its own path of development. From the point of view of economic development, a special place is occupied by oil exporting countries with a stable source of income (in 1960 they united in the OPEC organization). The most dynamically developed "new industrial countries" (Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines). The countries of Latin America are also relatively developed. The countries of Tropical and South Africa remain the least developed in all respects. However, despite all the significant differences from each other, the developing countries have a lot in common, which makes it possible to consider the liberated countries as a certain historical community that forms a special subsystem of international relations. The combination of heterogeneity and at the same time common interests of developing countries in solving the problems of overcoming backwardness, achieving economic independence, developing the economy, social and cultural spheres, and gaining equality in international relations to a greater extent determines the degree of organizational formalization of cooperation between developing countries. The most representative forms of cooperation between developing countries in the 1970-1980s. became the Non-Aligned Movement and the "Group of 77". The "Group of 77" includes 126 states, that is, almost all developing countries. In some issues, especially when solving economic problems, they carry out joint actions. A number of important UN documents have been adopted with the active participation of this group. The "Group of 77" maintains close coordinating relations with the Non-Aligned Movement. This movement arose in 1961 and immediately turned into a powerful institution for expressing the interests of more than 100 states in Asia, Africa and Latin America. It is as heterogeneous in its composition as the whole third world is many-sided. The Non-Aligned Movement (so named because it avoided an unequivocal focus on only one of the superpowers - the USA or the USSR) actively advocated for peace, disarmament and international security, for the restructuring of international economic relations. The desire to ensure their interests in the system of interstate relations led to the formation of various economic and political regional organizations in the third world. Thus, in Latin America, the Latin American economic system was formed, uniting 26 states. There are also other regional organizations of an economic nature. In Africa, regional organizations have been less developed, to a certain extent due to the considerable number of bilateral conflicts on this continent. The largest organization is the Organization of African Unity, which was established in 1963. Its goals are the development of political and economic cooperation between African countries and the strengthening of influence on the world stage, the coordination of activities in the field of foreign policy, economy, defense and culture. Author: Irina Tkachenko
Where is Santa Claus from? Depending on your age, there are likely to be three answers: from the North Pole, from Lapland, and from Coca-Cola. None of these answers are correct: Santa, like Saint George, is a Turk. St. Nicholas - the real Santa - lived and worked miracles in Southwestern Turkey, where today the sun-dried city of Kemer stands. The most famous of his miracles are usually associated with children. According to one of the legends, St. Nicholas brought back to life three children, chopped up by a local innkeeper and kept in a barrel of brine. His kindness to children fully explains why St. Nicholas approaches the image of a Christmas saint in such a way, but at the same time he is the patron saint of judges, usurers, thieves, merchants, bakers, sailors and, oddly enough, murderers. Italian sailors stole the myrrh-working relics of Saint Nicholas in 1087. The Turks are still demanding their return. In the rest of Europe, the kind and merciful Saint Nicholas has merged with older and darker mythological figures. For example, in East Germany he is known as Shaggy Goat, Scavenger or Rider. In Holland, this is Zankta Klaus (in Dutch - Sinterklass), who is served by the "Black Peters". "Coca-Cola" Jolly Santa existed long before Haddon Sundblom created the world-famous advertising images of the 1930s. His illustrations, like those of Thomas Nast in the 1860s, were based on the New Yorker Clement Clark Moore's poem "The Visit of Saint Nicholas" (1823) (better known as "Christmas on the Doorstep"). It is unlikely that Moore was the author of the rhyme - he still taught at the seminary and was an expert on dead (including Hebrew) languages - but his importance for inflating the myth of Santa cannot be overestimated. The action in the poem is moved to Christmas Eve, and instead of the stern Saint Nicholas, there appears a little elf with a white beard and a playful twinkle in his eyes, as well as a red fur coat with a fur trim, reindeer with funny names, a sleigh descending directly onto the roof - and full of toys bag. "Christmas on the Doorstep" became the most popular nursery rhyme of all time. It's hard to say at what stage the North Pole and the elf factory stuck to history, but by 1927 the version was so firmly established that it allowed the Finns to claim Santa's place of residence. According to them, Santa does not live anywhere, but in Lapland, since not a single reindeer could survive at the North Pole due to the lack of lichen there. The official post office of Site-Klaus is located in the city of Rovaniemi, the capital of Lapland. Every year he receives 600 thousand letters. As if in retaliation for secular success, the Vatican in 1969 downgraded the status of St. Nicholas Day (December 6), declaring it not obligatory for observance.
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