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How did the Nazis come to power in Germany? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How did the Nazis come to power in Germany? Economic crisis 1929-1933 had the most devastating impact on Germany. Having not fully recovered from the consequences of the world war and revolutionary upheavals, and burdened with the burden of reparations, the German economy did not have serious reserves to resist the pressure of a powerful crisis. Its scale was enormous. There were 7,5 million unemployed people in the country. The wages of workers have fallen catastrophically. More than 30 thousand small and medium-sized enterprises went bankrupt. Even large corporations were seriously affected. When the crisis broke out, the government was in power, headed by the leader of the SPD G. Müller. But in March 1930 the government resigned. The new government was headed by G. Brüning. His cabinet did not have a majority in the Reichstag and administered the state through emergency measures. Legislative functions of Parliament were reduced almost to nothing. The Brüning government sought to shift the consequences of the crisis onto the shoulders of ordinary Germans. The emergency program to combat the crisis, adopted in the summer of 1930, significantly reduced the capabilities of the social sphere. This did not contribute to the growth of the popularity of the government and democratic institutions in general in the eyes of voters. Under these conditions, the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) or Nazi Party began to actively increase its political success. It arose back in 1919. At its origins were A. Hitler, R. Hess, G. Strasser and others. It was not numerous, but in the elections of 1930 6,5 million Germans voted for it, and it became the second largest party strength in the Reichstag. Rigidly centralized, with strict inner-party discipline, built on the principle of leaderism (fuhrerism), this organization turned in a short time into a powerful force capable of crushing its opponents. But not only this explained the success of the Nazis. Hitler proposed a program for the development of society, in which there were motives that were attractive to a wide variety of social forces. There were several ideas at the center of the Nazis' mindset. They proceeded from the fact that the world is divided not by class, but by nationality. The nation is the unit from the totality of which the world community is formed. Nations are not equal: there are higher ones, but there are also lower ones. The Nazis considered the Germans to be among the highest nations, and that is why they were destined for a historical mission - to create a "new world order." To implement this installation, it was necessary to revise the results of the war, to destroy the Versailles system. This could be done only by a strong, monolithic Germany, guided to "great achievements" by the will of the Fuhrer. These general ideas were concretized in relation to the needs of each social group of German society, and on the whole, an attractive political program of action was obtained for the general population, exhausted by the crisis. The ruling elite of Germany began to gradually support the Nazis as the only force capable of preventing revolution, economic collapse and ensuring the revival of "great Germany". The Weimar Republic was less and less needed by the ruling elite of the country. In this environment, plans for the transfer of power to Hitler were intensively discussed. The decisive step in this direction was taken on January 30, 1933, when the country's President P. Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor. New elections were scheduled for March 5, 1933. The Nazis did not yet have full confidence in a decisive political success. Then they went on a provocation, organizing on February 27, 1933, the Reichstag building was set on fire. On March 24, 1933, the Reichstag gave Hitler emergency powers. By the summer, all non-fascist organizations and parties were dissolved or self-liquidated. The organs of the Nazi Party began to perform state functions. After the death of Hindenburg on August 2, 1934, Hitler began simultaneously to fulfill the duties of Reich President and Reich Chancellor, and a little later he was proclaimed Chancellor for Life and Fuhrer of the German people. A new state was formed in Germany - the Third Reich, totally controlled by the Nazis. Author: Irina Tkachenko
What animal skin did Hercules use as his only clothing? As punishment for the murder of his sons from Megara, the oracle ordered Hercules to serve the Tirynthian king Eurystheus for twelve years and perform ten labors at his command. Hercules was very upset, not wanting to serve a man who, as he knew, was inferior to him in many ways, however, fearing to disobey his father Zeus, he gave himself into the power of Eurystheus. The first feat that Eurystheus ordered Heracles to perform was to kill the Nemean lion, whose skin reliably protected from iron, bronze and stone. Hercules reached Nemea at noon and there he saw the beast, which was returning to its lair, covered in the blood of the victims of the day's hunt. The hero fired a quiver of arrows at him, but they only bounced off the thick hide. The lion, yawning, licked its lips in anticipation of a new victim. Then Hercules resorted to the sword, but the blade bent as if it were made of lead. Finally, he swung his club and dealt such a blow to the head of the beast that the lion trudged into the cave, shaking his head, but not from pain, but only from the ringing in his ears. Glancing dejectedly at the club broken into chips, Hercules entered the cave. Knowing now that no weapon could harm the monster, he grabbed the lion by the neck and strangled it with his hands with great effort. When he brought the slain beast to Mycenae, Eurystheus was so frightened that he ordered Hercules to no longer enter the city, showing the booty in front of the city gates. Eurystheus even built himself a bronze pithos in the ground, where he hid from Hercules, preferring to communicate with him only through the herald Kopreya. The skin of the Nemean lion, which reliably protected, as mentioned above, from iron, bronze and stone, Hercules later used as a cloak - his only clothing.
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