What does the abbreviation for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) mean? Detailed answer

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What does the abbreviation for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) mean? Detailed answer

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What does the abbreviation for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) mean?

The time in each time zone is indicated relative to UTC - for example, UTC+4:00. However, this abbreviation itself does not have any official decoding. The International Telecommunication Union adopted this standard in 1970 and considered the options CUT (English Coordinated Universal Time) and TUC (French Temps Universel Coordonne). Not recognizing any of them as suitable, they decided to stop at the neutral version of UTC.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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When was the first mummy made?

The ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife. They believed that the soul is like a bird with a human face, which can fly all day, but by night must return to the grave, fearing evil spirits. The body must be kept the same as the soul left it, so that it can recognize it when it returns, and fly into the grave that it left. This is where the word "mummy" comes from. It is Arabic and means "a body preserved with resin and wax".

Most of the mummies were made without the use of resin or wax. The body was treated with salt. Salt placed inside the body, interacting with dry air, took away moisture. When the body dried up, it was washed, rubbed with the resin of pine trees and wrapped in hundreds of meters of cloth.

Until 3000 B.C. e. The Egyptians dried the bodies of the dead in the sands of the desert. The sand kept the bodies. Later, important people were buried in stone-cut tombs or in magnificent pyramids. But pyramids and stone gravestones are not as dry as desert sands. Therefore, it became necessary to improve the art of creating mummies. Around 1500 B.C. e. mummies began to be covered with a shell that had the shape of a body and was carefully painted. Then sarcophagi appeared, which also had the shape of a body and were beautifully decorated.

Sometimes beards were added to mummies. The beard in ancient Egypt was the property of only God or the king. Such beards showed that the person hoped to spend time in the afterlife in a very respectable company. In addition, the Egyptians considered sacred and some animals. These animals were also made into mummies and buried in animal cemeteries.

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A new invention will reduce the cost of flexible gadgets 29.08.2013

A team of scientists at the University of Texas has demonstrated one of the most important components that could spark the explosion of flexible electronics: a graphene radio module that is fast enough to send, receive and process communications signals, reports Technology Review.

There are many applicants for the role of material for the manufacture of flexible electronic circuits, but they all have problems. Some materials do not allow you to make fast enough circuits, others do, but the cost of such components is too high for mass production.

According to Deji Akinwande, an electrical and computer engineer at the University of Texas at Austin, head of the project, scientists were able to find a way out using graphene transistors. "I think that now we can talk about flexible smartphones, tablets and other communication devices," he said.

Graphene is a two-dimensional lattice formed by a layer of carbon atoms one atom thick. This material has outstanding mechanical and electrical properties, making it a highly promising material for the microelectronics industry.

Scientists were able to place the parts of the radio module on a flexible polymer substrate and make them switch billions of times per second - at a frequency of 2,4 GHz for Bluetooth technology and 1 GHz for cellular communications. The maximum achieved frequency was 25 GHz.

Previously, researchers from other universities have tried to create flexible components without the use of graphene, but the production of such devices turned out to be costly.

Akinwande's team's main goal was to achieve the lowest possible cost of production. It was possible to do this due to a certain sequence in the manufacturing process. First, scientists formed the necessary structures - electrodes and transistor gates - on a plastic substrate, while simultaneously manufacturing large sheets of graphene on metal.

Graphene was then transferred onto a plastic substrate. At the last stage, the combined structure was covered with a waterproof layer. Akinwande explained that the cost-effectiveness of this method lies in the fact that the graphene itself does not have to be processed.

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