Where did the word zek come from? Detailed answer

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Where did the word zek come from? Detailed answer

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Where did the word zek come from?

Labor armies were created in the young Soviet state. The military who committed crimes were called "prisoners of the Red Army", and in the documents this phrase was abbreviated "s/k". Later, during the construction of the White Sea Canal, this abbreviation began to stand for "prisoned canal soldier." From "z / k" the word convict came from.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How much air do we need to breathe?

At rest, the volume of inhalation and exhalation in an adult is 0,5 liters. The vital capacity of the lungs, that is, the volume of the deepest expiration after the deepest breath, is on average 3,5 liters, but can reach 4,5 liters.

Normally, with 16 cycles of "inhale - exhale" approximately 8 liters of air are consumed per minute.

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Trust depends on the voice 19.10.2017

A lot of things can be said about a person by the voice - in fact, quite recently we wrote that the voice betrays our emotions to a greater extent than facial expressions. To trust or not to trust a person, we also decide by his voice. In a new article published in PLoS ONE, the same authors describe how a voice must be to be believed.

Scientists at Princeton University have investigated what exactly makes us believe that the speaker can be dealt with: timbre, intonation, or something else. The researchers "assembled" a synthetic voice, focusing on the parameters of real voices from earlier experiments, and the parameters of the synthetic voice could be changed. In the current experiment, 500 people participated: a mechanical voice greeted them by saying "hello", and the listener had to evaluate how trustworthy the voice was.

It turned out that the key property here is melodiousness, that is, intonation must change, even within such a short word as "hello": the voice must first rise up, then fall, and then rise again. If the participants in the experiment heard a monotonous voice with an even pitch, they considered it not at all credible.

Simply put, if you want the interlocutor to trust you, you need to speak more vividly, avoid a flat, inexpressive sound. Another parameter is the overall pitch of the voice sounds: it turns out that high voices are more trusted than low voices. The reason for this may be rooted in some ancient instincts: in many animals, low growls and generally low sounds mean a threat, while high exclamations usually mean a playful mood and an invitation to frolic.

In the future, the authors of the work are going to repeat these experiments, but with a model of the female voice, as well as with the participation of people from different cultures and ethnic groups. Given the fact that gadgets and robots around us are increasingly beginning to speak in human voices, such studies will certainly be of interest to those who develop a variety of applications, from navigators to some kind of assistant in learning a foreign language.

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