What work was done in Rus' by spitting? Detailed answer

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What work was done in Rus' by spitting? Detailed answer

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What work was done in Russia by spitting?

The turnip has very small seeds: in one kilogram there are more than a million of them. Therefore, in ancient times, when sowing turnips, the seeds were not scattered by hand, but spit out. Good spitters were highly valued, as this work was not easy.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What country did the censors demand to remove Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson from the film?

In the first episode of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, Holmes guesses that Watson has come from the east. However, in the original voice acting, Holmes's phrase sounded: "Have you been out of Afghanistan for a long time?". The fact is that before the release of the tape on television, the artistic council demanded that the filmmakers remove all references to Afghanistan, since shortly before that, Soviet troops had entered there. I had to re-voice several fragments, inserting "east" and "eastern colonies".

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Random news from the Archive

Hybrid smart cards instead of passports 29.12.2014

The growth of tourist flows between states in the next four years will lead to the activation of the market for electronic passports and visas, according to TechNavio. Electronic passports and visas are used to identify the person crossing the border. Typically, personal information is stored on a smart card chip and includes a unique identification number and a digital signature.

The data stored on the chip is protected by a PKI key, with which authentication is performed, which greatly reduces the likelihood of a passport forgery. For the same purpose, the biometric data of the owner is stored on the chip - a digital photo and a fingerprint or an image of the iris.

The average annual growth of the market of e-passports and e-visas from 2015 to 2019 will be 30,17%. As more people travel abroad on business and leisure trips, the need for effective border control becomes greater.

In order to improve the safety of tourists and reduce the risk of terrorist attacks, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has obliged its members to implement electronic passports, analysts remind. This not least affects the growth rate of the market. The main trend in the global e-passport market will be the popularization of hybrid (contact-contactless) smart cards, experts say.

Hybrid cards allow you to transfer the same stored information through different interfaces, thereby integrating with different types of readers and passport data processing systems. This eliminates the need to enter several different cards for different types of documents and ensures the ease of interaction of the card with the border control systems of various states.

The main suppliers of e-passports and visas, including those with a hybrid interface, will be the giants of the smart card market - Gemalto, Giesecke and Devrient, Morpho and Oberthur Technologies. Also, such vendors as 4G Identity Solutions, ASK, CardLogic, DataCard, Eastcompeace, HID Global, Infineon Technologies, IRIS and Muhlbauer Group will achieve success in this field.

In addition, NXP Semiconductors' MIFARE hybrid smart cards will be of particular value, according to Faisal Ghaus, vice president of TechNavio. This product, according to analysts, will become the market leader in hybrid e-passports.

"MIFARE cards have functionality that speeds up transactions, support advanced data security technologies, are secure, easy to use, and we expect them to drive the e-passport and visa market in the coming years," he said.

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