What drug was officially issued to Wehrmacht soldiers? Detailed answer

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What drug was officially issued to Wehrmacht soldiers? Detailed answer

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What drug was officially issued to Wehrmacht soldiers?

The drug Pervitin (a derivative of methamphetamine) was widely used to stimulate Wehrmacht soldiers - its pills were officially included in the rations of pilots and tank crews. It was also consumed by civilians - chocolates stuffed with pervitin were on sale, although the Ministry of Health subsequently recognized its danger and banned production. The pharmacists who created Pervitin were taken to the United States after the war and participated in the creation of drugs that were already used by the American army in Korea and Vietnam.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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When did chemistry appear?

Chemistry is the science that studies what objects are made of and how they can be changed. Modern chemistry grew out of a doctrine called alchemy. In the Middle Ages, alchemists were looking for a "philosopher's stone" that could turn other metals into gold. In an effort to do this, they conducted a lot of different experiments.

One of the first people who collected and summarized all the information about chemistry as a science was Robert Boyle, who lived in the XNUMXth century. He knew that chemical compounds could be broken down into their component parts.

Other chemists followed Boyle in making new discoveries. Josef Black studied gases and air. Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen - one of the elements that make up water. Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen, the most abundant element in nature. Antoine Lavoisier was the first to explain the nature of fire. He also proved that no substance can be destroyed. It just goes from one state to another.

John Dalton had the idea that all substances are made up of tiny particles of matter. Scientists have come to the conclusion that the essence of chemical transformations lies in the combinations of these smallest particles. Now they are called atoms. The idea of the existence of atoms made all the secrets of chemistry simpler and clearer. Chemistry as a science continues to develop, and today the chemist has become the creator of new substances. He learned to split molecules and combine them in various ways.

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Emotions are more convincing than rational arguments 12.04.2018

When we want to convince someone of something, what strategy will we choose: will we appeal to the interlocutor's mind or put pressure on emotions? Psychologists from Northwestern University argue that people prefer the emotional strategy, and this is directly reflected in the words they use in conversation.

Nearly 1300 people participated in the study. All of them were shown a photo of some item from an online store and asked to make a description for it - it had to be extremely positive, but in one case it was necessary to adhere to a neutral intonation, simply listing the advantages of the product, and in the other case it was required to compose a real panegyric in order to whoever reads it immediately bought it. Then it only remained to analyze the written essays for word usage: how many words there are with one shade or another and how much emotionally rich vocabulary.

Words with a positive meaning, which were more related to the product itself - like "excellent", "beautiful", etc. - turned out to be approximately equal in both descriptive and selling texts. The difference was different: when it was required to convince another to buy a certain thing, words such as “exciting”, “exciting”, “captivating”, etc. appeared in the text, that is, clearly more emotionally colored, referring to the feelings of that who will read it.

The transition to a more emotional language occurred automatically. When participants were asked to keep a sequence of eight numbers in mind while writing a review, they still used more emotional vocabulary, although these same eight numbers were supposed to distract them, not allowing them to think about which word would be better to use in this or that case.

In general, words with more emotional load came to mind faster when the person was asked to be more persuasive, and even when asked to imagine an exceptionally reasonable audience that neglects emotions, the vocabulary of persuasive texts still turned out to be emotional.

The authors of the work did not evaluate the real convincing power of emotions, but how convincing they seem to us. In general, it is known that with an interlocutor who relies on reasonable arguments, emotions usually lead to the opposite result - that is, the interlocutor simply will not hear you. However, the connection between persuasiveness and emotionality in our minds is obviously very, very strong.

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