What art form, traditionally associated only with men, was founded by a woman? Detailed answer

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What art form, traditionally associated only with men, was founded by a woman? Detailed answer

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What art form, traditionally associated only with men, was founded by a woman?

The Japanese kabuki theater, where all the roles, even female ones, are played by men, was founded by a woman. Her name was Okuni and she was a shrine attendant in the 17th century. She and other women then also played all the roles, including men's. However, soon the country's leadership did not like the immoral atmosphere that often reigned at such performances, and women in the kabuki theater were replaced by young men, and later by mature men. In our time, traditions are no longer so strong, and in some troupes, female roles have again been performed by women.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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Nicotine and Hummingbird 13.05.2009

Tobacco flowers regulate their pollination using two chemicals, benzylacetone and nicotine, as researchers at the Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena, Germany, have found.

Benzylacetone, which has a sweet aroma, attracts pollinators to the flowers, which in the homeland of tobacco are hummingbirds and butterflies with a long proboscis that can reach the bottom of the flower, where sweet nectar is secreted. However, the nectar contains an admixture of bitter nicotine, so that after tasting the bittersweet juice of the flower, a somewhat disappointed pollinator flies to another specimen of tobacco, hoping for good luck and feeling the pleasant smell of benzylacetone.

It is beneficial for tobacco that a hummingbird or butterfly fly around as many plants as possible, transferring and mixing their pollen (this ensures greater genetic diversity of offspring). The researchers genetically engineered three varieties of tobacco plants: one without nicotine, one without benzylacetone, and one without both.

Experiments conducted with these varieties and normal wild tobacco in the southern United States have shown that hummingbirds and butterflies get stuck on flowers without nicotine for a long time, drinking all the nectar, and do not try very hard to change the feeder. Flowers without benzylacetone attract only hummingbirds. Birds need only see a familiar flower to fly to it for nectar, while butterflies, with their less acute eyesight, also need the smell of benzylacetone.

The pollen of plants devoid of both substances spreads almost five times slower than the pollen of normal wild tobacco. So tobacco needs both aroma and bitterness.

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