What colors of blood, other than red, are common in the animal kingdom? Detailed answer

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What colors of blood, other than red, are common in the animal kingdom? Detailed answer

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What colors of blood, other than red, are common in the animal kingdom?

The blood of vertebrates is red due to the protein hemoglobin, which, when combined with oxygen, becomes red. The only exception are green-blooded skink lizards, which have green blood due to an abnormally high concentration of the bile pigment biliverdin. It is of the same color in some annelids and polychaete worms, but for a different reason - they use the protein chlorocruorin to bind oxygen. Other blood colors in the animal kingdom are also formed due to other proteins: hemocyanin stains the blood of mollusks blue, hemerythrin - the blood of some marine invertebrates purple, and gemovanadin - the blood of ascidians mustard yellow.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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Benefits of children's music lessons 13.01.2015

Does your child not want to go to music school? Try to convince him not to give up classes - playing a musical instrument is good for a developing children's brain.

We often feel sorry for children who are forced to go to a music school, believing that in an ordinary general education school a big load falls on them anyway, and with an additional piano-violin-solfeggio they will generally stop doing anything, start to get tired, etc. However, music lessons are actually only beneficial for children, and it is not only about broadening their horizons and educating a versatile personality. Psychologists from the University of Vermont (USA) argue that music lessons help children manage their own emotions, increase attentiveness and reduce anxiety.

As children grow older, the thickness of the cerebral cortex changes. Some of its parts may thicken, others thin, and such changes are reflected in behavior: the child has problems concentrating, academic performance decreases, depression or increased aggressiveness may appear.

Psychologists came up with the idea to correlate changes in the cerebral cortex with music lessons (or lack thereof). They analyzed brain tomography data from more than two hundred children and adolescents aged 6 to 18. As expected, music lessons were reflected primarily in the motor cortex, which is responsible for motor coordination. But, in addition, there were differences in those areas that were responsible for behavior, attention, working memory, organization and planning of actions. The influence of music lessons was favorable - changes in the cortex indicated that it matures faster, that is, all the above functions regarding attention, emotions, behavior, etc. should work properly.

The tomography data were confirmed by psychological tests that the participants in the experiment performed several times over the few years that the observations lasted.

In other words, even if the child does not become a great violinist or pianist, music lessons will still benefit the developing children's brain. Although even in this case it is hardly worth driving a child into a music school by force.

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