Who Invented Opera? Detailed answer

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Who Invented Opera? Detailed answer

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Who Invented Opera?

Modern opera is believed to have grown out of ancient Greek tragedy. But where and how did it happen? The idea of "drama for music", and this is what the opera was originally called, first arose in Florence, in the house of the famous music lover Count Giovanni Bardi, where people who were fond of the art of Ancient Greece gathered.

And some of those present had the idea to recreate one of the Greek tragedies on stage. But how to do that? Nobody really knew. Someone believed that singing should be constant, although in reality the ancient Greek actors-singers alternated singing and reciting verses to music. And someone said that there should be very little singing. In the end, they decided to do something in between in "drama for music": to alternate singing with melodic declamation. Members of Count Bardi's musical circle wanted to achieve a combination of words and music; in this respect, they considered the ancient Greek theater to be ideal, where verses were sung in a singsong voice, where every word sounded clear and distinct.

The first opera productions amazed the audience with their unusualness. Instead of talking, the artists sang almost all the time, and not bad at all.

Soon, a new type of musical art spread throughout almost the entire country, and by the beginning of the XNUMXth century, opera had become the main type of musical art in Italy.

Author: Cellarius E.Yu.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Where do penguins live?

Many people believe that this strange bird lives wherever it is cold: at the North Pole, at the South Pole, and so on. But penguins are found only in the Southern Hemisphere. They live in Antarctica (not in the Arctic!) and on the islands adjacent to the continent. They can also be found in more northern regions, such as Peru or southern Brazil, South West Africa, New Zealand and southern Australia.

Without a doubt, the penguin gained fame due to its comical resemblance to humans.

Penguins stand upright on their flat feet. Often they, like soldiers, line up in orderly rows. Their gait seems to us so majestic and important that it is hard not to laugh. Their plumage, consisting of small, scale-like feathers, covers the entire body. It resembles a men's evening dress, consisting of a tailcoat and a white shirt. The penguin, which existed in prehistoric times, was almost two meters tall. You can imagine what an impression such a penguin would make today!

Now there are 17 varieties of penguins, the largest of which is the king penguin, reaching 1 meter in height and about 36 kilograms of weight. Once upon a time, in ancient times, the penguin could fly as well as any other bird. But by now, only short processes remained from the wings, unsuitable for flying.

How did it happen? One of the reasons, oddly enough, is that the penguin had few, if not no, enemies. He lived in such remote Antarctic regions that there was practically no one to attack him. Therefore, he could safely spend time on land or on water.

As the generations of penguins that did not use their wings changed, those wings became smaller and stiffer until they were no longer airworthy. But on the other hand, penguins have become excellent swimmers and divers, and these wings have become excellent fins! The penguins also have a thick fat layer that protects them from the terrible cold in their habitats. Man is currently hunting penguins for their blubber and legislation may need to be passed to protect them from extirpation.

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Kitchen salt asteroid 14.06.2023

The Americans carefully studied a sample of the near-Earth asteroid Itokawa and found crystals of ordinary kitchen salt here, which could not have appeared without the presence of water.

Even 13 years ago, the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa delivered the first ever rock samples from an asteroid to Earth. This space rock turned out to be the near-Earth asteroid Itokawa, which is approximately 610 meters wide. And all these years, scientists from different countries continue to carefully study these samples. Specialists from the University of Arizona, USA, found crystals of ordinary kitchen salt in the composition of the asteroid, which could not have appeared if there was no water nearby. This again changes the idea of how water could get to our planet.

Scientists continue to search for answers to questions about how complex life on Earth arose. The fact that they were able to find crystals of sodium chloride or ordinary kitchen salt in the composition of the Itokawa asteroid, which could only form in the presence of water, indicates that asteroids played an important role both in the process of its appearance on Earth and in the origin of life.

Currently, scientists believe that the asteroid Itokawa, which flies relatively close to Earth (at a distance of several million kilometers from us), was part of a larger space rock, but then broke away from it. And the rock sample brought from the asteroid is a chondrite, which is a type of meteorite that is part of a rocky asteroid.

According to American scientists, they did not expect to find crystals of sodium chloride, since such asteroids do not suggest the presence of water-bearing minerals.

The authors of the study point out that for a long time it was believed that chondrites, that is, meteorites falling to Earth from rocky asteroids, could not bring water to the planet. But a new discovery suggests that such asteroids likely contain much more water than previously thought.

Naturally, the experts were very surprised by their discovery and were initially skeptical about the results. After all, a sample from the Itokawa asteroid could have been contaminated with other substances, falling to Earth. But a careful study showed that the crystals of ordinary salt belong to the asteroid Itokawa.

The sodium-rich silicate mineral plagioclase was also found in the meteorite. And this mineral was also formed under the influence of water. Therefore, the researchers believe that this proves the fact that the asteroid Itokawa probably contains or contained a lot of water in the past.

The Itokawa asteroid is one of the most common S-type asteroids in the solar system. Therefore, it is assumed that the theory of the origin of water with the help of asteroids that fell to the Earth or meteorites that broke away from them is becoming more and more plausible.

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