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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Who took the nose off the Sphinx? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Who took the nose off the Sphinx? Sphinx (translated from Greek - "strangler") - a mythological creature with the head of a woman, the body of a lion and the wings of a bird. As you may have noticed, his giant 6500-year-old statue near the Egyptian pyramids is noseless. For many centuries, the fact that the nose of the Sphinx was deliberately beaten off for some special reasons was accused by various armies and individuals - the British, Germans, Arabs. However, it is still customary to shift the blame to Napoleon. Almost none of these accusations have any basis in fact. In fact, the only one who can be said with certainty that he actually caused damage to the Sphinx was the Sufi fanatic Muhammad Saim al-Dah, who was beaten to death by the locals for vandalism in 1378. The British and German armies, who were in Egypt during both world wars, are not to blame: there are photographs of the Sphinx without a nose, dated 1886. As for Napoleon, sketches with a noseless Sphinx, made by European travelers in 1737, thirty-two years before the birth of the future French emperor, have been preserved. When the twenty-nine-year-old general first laid eyes on the ancient statue, it had no nose, most likely for hundreds of years. Napoleon's campaign in Egypt was intended to disrupt English ties with India. The French army gave two major battles in this country: the battle of the Pyramids (which, by the way, did not take place at the Pyramids at all) and the battle of the Nile (which had nothing to do with the Nile). Together with the 55th army, Napoleon brought 155 civilian specialists - the so-called savants (Scientists; major experts in any field (fr.)). This was the first professional archaeological expedition to Egypt. When Nelson sank the Napoleonic fleet, the emperor returned to France, leaving both the army and the "scientists" who continued to work without their leader. The result was a scientific work called "Description de I'Egypte" ("Description of Egypt" (fr.)) - the first accurate picture of the country, which reached Europe. Nevertheless, despite all these facts, Egyptian guides still tell numerous crowds of tourists that Napoleon stole the nose from the Sphinx and transported it to the Louvre in Paris. The most plausible reason for the Sphinx's lack of such an important organ is the 6000 years of exposure to wind and weather on the soft limestone. Author: John Lloyd, John Mitchinson
What is uranium? Uranium has existed on earth for billions of years, but most people did not know about it until after the creation of nuclear weapons and nuclear power plants. Uranium is one of the heaviest chemical elements. It is a metal and its content in the earth's crust is higher than such well-known elements as mercury and silver. Deposits of uranium ores have been discovered in many regions of the globe. Their deposits are especially large in Russia, Canada, the USA, Zaire and some other countries. Pure metallic uranium glistens just like silver. However, if you hold it for several minutes in air, the surface of a piece of metal tarnishes and acquires a brown tint. A film of uranium oxide is formed on it - a compound of uranium with oxygen, and the process of its formation is called oxidation. The film, formed on the metal surface, prevents the penetration of oxygen into the sample and further development of the oxidation process. The main difference between uranium and the vast majority of other elements is that it has natural radioactivity. This means that the uranium atoms themselves are gradually changing, while emitting certain types of rays invisible to the eye. These rays are of three types, called alpha, beta and gamma radiation. In the process of changes undergone by uranium atoms, they turn into another radioactive element. The same thing happens with the new element, and a new portion of radiation is released. This continues until a new element is formed that is not radioactive. There are 14 stages in this chain of transformations. On one of them, the well-known element radium is formed, and on the last, lead. Lead is a non-radioactive element, and therefore the chain of transformations ends on it. The complete process of converting uranium to lead takes billions of years. Uranium has several isotopes. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different atomic weights, which are indicated by numbers after the name of the element. Uranium-235 is used as a material for atomic bombs and fuel for nuclear power plants. Another element - plutonium, used for the same purposes - does not exist in nature, and it is obtained from uranium using special devices.
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