What is intoxication? Detailed answer

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What is intoxication? Detailed answer

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What is intoxication?

There is always some amount of alcohol in our body. When starch and sugar break down, alcohol is formed, and therefore some of it enters the bloodstream after each meal. There is always about a gram of alcohol in our body. But when we drink alcohol, this amount increases.

Alcohol is practically a drug, only weak. A drug is a substance that penetrates the nerve cells and has a paralyzing effect on them. But before it paralyzes the nerve cells, it stimulates and excites them.

The first thing that happens when a person drinks alcohol is the stimulation of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat. As a result, saliva and gastric juices are secreted. Therefore, people sometimes drink small amounts of alcoholic beverages to stimulate their appetite before dinner.

Alcohol also affects the muscles in the body. It increases the content of substances that can be converted into working energy. Therefore, apparently, alcohol allows you to perform better physical work. But this is followed by a breakdown, so the overall effect is not very good. It may also seem that alcohol stimulates the brain.

A person under the influence of alcohol begins to speak and move more animatedly. The skin turns red, blood pressure rises, pulse and breathing quicken. But in reality, alcohol has a debilitating effect on the brain. It affects all the most important brain functions, such as thinking, observation, attention. A person loses control over himself, and his control over the environment weakens.

How much alcohol you need to take to reach this state depends on many factors. But the state we call intoxication can be dangerous for a person who performs responsible actions, such as driving a car or doing some kind of work.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How does a jellyfish reproduce?

One of the world's most common species of jellyfish is the moon jellyfish. A long, milky-colored fringe hangs from her round, like a bowl, body. On the upper side of an adult jellyfish there is a pink or orange plate, in the form of a four-pointed clover leaf. These four ends are the reproduction organ. In the male jellyfish, sperm cells are produced in them, which exit through the mouth of the animal into the water. In the female, this organ produces eggs. The eggs remain in the body until the moment of fertilization, that is, the connection with the sperm cells in the water. The eggs develop in long, floating folds hanging from the mouth.

When the eggs are laid, they sink to the bottom of the ocean. They do not look like adult jellyfish, but turn into polyps. Young polyps catch food with tentacles and grow for several months. Then something strange happens. Grooves appear on polyps. Gradually, polyps begin to resemble a cracked saucer. One by one, pieces of this "saucer" begin to move away and float away. Each such "piece" becomes an adult jellyfish.

The way of life and reproduction of jellyfish is debugged very well. It has evolved over more than 600 years. Jellyfish are among the most ancient forms of life on Earth and have changed little over this time. Jellyfish are not fish. All fish are vertebrates. Jellyfish don't have a backbone. Their body resembles a bag with jelly and a hole inside.

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soft robot fish 21.03.2014

Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a prototype of a soft robotic fish that moves in the water like a real individual. Soft robots, which have a body made of silicone and move due to the movement of liquid (or gas) in the channels inside the body, have become quite a popular area of research. News about advances in this area is dedicated to the new magazine Soft Robotics (Soft robots).

In the first issue of Soft Robotics, published this month, an article about the invention of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was published. The first robotic fish prototype was created by a team of researchers including Professor Daniela Rus, graduate student Andrew Marchese, and researcher Cagdas D. Onal.

The movement of the torso of the robotic fish is provided by the batch release of carbon dioxide from a container located in the abdominal cavity. The passage of gas through the channels on one side of the body of the robot causes the body to contract and the tail to bend in the opposite direction. The robot has complete autonomy. Thanks to its design features, it is able to rotate 100 degrees in a fraction of a second.

Each of the "fish tail" halves has only two parameters for control - the diameter of the nozzle through which the gas is released into the channel, and the length of time during which it is open. Rus argues that the angle of the tail bend depends on the duration of the gassing, and the speed of the robot is determined by the diameter of the nozzle. This, Rus says, is reminiscent of the demarcation observed by biologists in real fish.

The robot fish is capable of performing 20-30 maneuvers, depending on the angle of the tail bend and the speed of movement, before the carbon dioxide supply is exhausted. "The robot is designed to evaluate performance and is not designed to work for a long time," said Daniela Rus. "The next step will be to create a device based on the current system with a longer period of work in combination with current productivity."

In the future, it is planned to replace carbon dioxide in the robot's movement system with water. By the way, some parts of the robot fish are made using a 3D printer.

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