What is leprosy? Detailed answer

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What is leprosy? Detailed answer

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What is leprosy?

Since ancient times, the disease we call leprosy has terrorized people. A person suffering from leprosy suffered physically and mentally, as he was forced to live in isolation from other people. No one wanted to be near him throughout his life. At present, we know much more about leprosy and have the opportunity to treat it in various ways.

Leprosy is an infectious disease that is transmitted directly or through third parties. It acts on the skin or the nerves or both. The bacterium causing the infection was identified in Norway by Dr. Hansen. Therefore, leprosy is also known as Hansen's disease. Despite the fact that the disease has been known for hundreds of years, leprosy microbes are not common.

How the infection appears, we do not know. But microbes mostly penetrate the skin first and infect it. If the body has high resistance, then nodules and tumors form slowly. Nodules very often appear on the skin in the forehead, nose, eyes and lips. It disfigures the appearance of a person.

When the infection affects the nerves, the person stops feeling anything. Therefore, a leper can very easily injure himself, may not feel a burn or a cut. The muscles become useless, causing the arms and legs to look like paws or claws. It happens that the bones of the arms and legs rot.

Leprosy has settled throughout the world, but is most prevalent in the tropics, North Africa, China and India. Oddly enough, leprosy can appear in the US, especially in the south of the country.

Doctors now believe that leprosy is not as contagious as it used to be. Many people are treated for this disease at home instead of being isolated. Some antibiotics can prevent the progression of the disease. There are people who recover completely after undergoing treatment.

Author: Likum A.

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The thermal conductivity of copper is improved 25.03.2014

A group of scientists, including Alexander Balandin from the University of California at Riverside and Konstantin Novoselov from the University of Manchester in the UK, published the results of an innovative way to increase the thermal conductivity of copper in the journal Nano Letters.

Copper is one of the main components of any chip. The thinnest copper conductors inside the chip connect millions of transistors to each other. In a modern processor, the total length of such conductors reaches 50-60 km. When passing through the conductors of electric current, they heat up, releasing heat, which must be removed.

In 2001, Pat Gelsinger stated that if the amount of heat generated by processors continues to grow at current rates, then by 2005 a single chip will produce as much energy as a nuclear reactor, and by 2015 - as much heat is emitted by the Sun (Gelsinger worked for 30 years at Intel, taking part in the development of the design of all the first processors of the corporation).

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According to Balandin, graphene itself does not have any heat sink properties. The movement of thermal energy in a metal, as a rule, is hindered by its crystal structure. When applied to copper, graphene changes this structure, allowing energy to move more freely, the scientist explained.

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