What is an intelligence quotient? Detailed answer

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What is an intelligence quotient? Detailed answer

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What is an intelligence quotient?

Physical and intellectual growth usually correspond to each other. Growth in both directions stops at different ages, depending on the individual. For example, someone can reach a height of 1,6 m at the age of sixteen and no longer grow. But the same person's brother can grow until he is 1,8 meters tall by the age of nineteen. The mental development of many people stops around adolescence.

If you take all the children born, for example, on October 10, 1947, and examine them today, they will differ in physical development. Some will be of medium height, others will be tall, and still others will be short. But they will differ from each other and mental development. Some of them will be smart, able to learn easily, others will be of average ability, and some will be able to learn only with great effort.

A difference in mental development can be considered a difference in mental age. We can measure human growth, but how to measure mental development? For this purpose, a series of psychological tests has been developed. Here's how it's done: First, you need to find out what problems can be solved by children of different ages. Six-year-old children are able to solve some problems, eight-year-olds - others, and so on. Now imagine that we give a test for six-year-olds to different children. Some four- and five-year-olds can handle them too.

On the other hand, there may be children who find it difficult to do this at the age of ten or twelve. Thus, we have a way to measure intelligence. If a six-year-old child is able to pass the test for a six-year-old, then he has an average level. If a child at four or five years old is able to do the same, then he has an excellent development. If a twelve-year-old is unable to complete a task from a six-year-old test, then he lags behind in development.

The letters IQ ("IQ") are short for "intelligence quotient", which is a way of describing the results of such tests in mathematical language. For example, the IQ of a six-year-old child with a six-year-old IQ is 100. The IQ is divided by the chronological age and then multiplied by one hundred. If at the age of five the mental development corresponds to six years, then the IQ will be equal to 120 (six divided by five and multiplied by 100). An IQ between 90 and 100 is average; results that exceed 110 will be excellent.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is gas?

Three types of gases are known today: natural gas, coal gas and water gas. Gas fields are located in many regions of the Earth. It concentrates in underground storages, which were formed as a result of the formation of the earth's crust. Long gas pipelines carry gas under pressure to cities thousands of kilometers away, where it is mainly used in steel mills and power plants.

Coal gas is obtained from crushed coal, which is heated in large vacuum plants. When the heating temperature reaches a certain level, the coal begins to melt, and gas is released, which is discharged through the pipes.

The gas is collected in a large container, where it is cleaned of impurities. It is then passed through cooling pipes and sent to a "purifier" where the remaining impurities are removed. And, finally, the purified gas through the meter, which determines its amount, enters the storage tanks, from where it reaches residential buildings and enterprises through pipelines.

The thick black bitumen produced during gas cleaning contains many valuable products that are used in the production of perfumes, drug dyes and oils. The substance that remains in the gas oven is called "coke".

Currently, gas is practically not used for lighting. More than 80% of the gas produced is used for cooking and heating residential and industrial facilities. Gas is a clean fuel, so it is widely used. It is easy to manage, does not require the cost of storage and destruction of combustion waste.

Now, when roasting coffee beans, cooking, baking bread, we use gas. There are even gas-fired refrigerators. Modern laundries also use gas to generate steam. The use of gas fuel is one of the ways to ensure the relative purity of air in cities.

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