How does an octopus move? Detailed answer

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How does an octopus move? Detailed answer

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How does an octopus move?

The octopus belongs to a group of mollusks called "cephalopods" because its leg is divided into long, arm-like tentacles that grow around its head. An octopus has eight of these tentacles.

Although the octopus belongs to that part of the animal world called "mollusks", it is completely different from the clams and oysters, which also belong to the molluscs. Closest to him is a squid. Neither of them have shells. They only have a soft mantle that covers the body. Their tentacles are long and flexible, with suckers on the underside. They allow the octopus to grab and hold very tightly everything that it clings to.

At the back of the octopus is a funnel-shaped chamber into which water enters. The octopus extracts oxygen from it, just like fish. With the help of this camera, the octopus is able to move quickly. The octopus can release water from there with such force that its body moves very rapidly. In this way, he flees from enemies who approach too quickly for him to crawl away along a rock or climb into a crevice with his eight tentacles.

When an octopus lies still, its tentacles can be scattered along the bottom. When an enemy approaches, it can either run or tightly wrap its tentacles around the enemy.

If things turn out to be serious, he can release a "smoke screen" and run. From a reservoir in his lower body, he can release an inky liquid that darkens the surrounding water. In addition, the octopus can change its body color depending on the environment. It can go from red to grey, yellow, brown or blue-green.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How does an egg develop?

What could be easier than an egg? But his birth is a rather complicated thing. In the belly of a bird, the egg yolk is first formed. It is formed inside a special organ called the ovary.

Once the yolk has formed, it moves into the oviduct. This is where the protein is made. Further, the egg, or rather part of it, moves to the lower end of the oviduct, where a leathery membrane and shell are formed. The egg is now ready to be laid. The shell is quite hard, but has pores. As the liquid content of the egg gradually evaporates through the pores, air enters to supply oxygen to the developing embryo.

The embryo is the part from which the body of the chicken will develop. Inside the shell is a leathery sheath that forms an airy rind at the blunt end of the egg.

It also contains a protein called albumin. It is a tasteless and odorless liquid, jelly-like in appearance, mostly consisting of water. White strands can be seen in the protein. Their purpose is to keep the yolk in the center of the egg, like in a hammock, and keep it from being hit. The yolk itself is round in shape: it is food for the embryo, which is located in a small cavity on its surface. The embryo of a fresh chicken egg is clearly visible if you carefully examine the yolk. And the germ in the eggs of other birds is so small that it is visible only under a microscope.

The size of the egg does not always depend on the size of the bird itself. It depends on the amount of food needed to feed the developing embryo until it hatches from the egg. Birds born blind and helpless hatch from small eggs that didn't have enough food to fully develop until they were born, when they could take care of themselves.

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IR1161L and IR11688S synchronous rectifier controllers 16.12.2016

Infineon has introduced to the market a new line of synchronous rectifier controllers for the secondary side of switching power converters, meeting the latest energy efficiency requirements. By using the IR1161L and IR11688S in conjunction with the latest generation of MOSFET switches OptiMOS and StrongIRFET, significant efficiency gains can be achieved over the Schottky diode circuit.

The controllers belong to the SmartRectifier family. During operation, the drain-source voltage is constantly measured, which allows you to determine the direction and amplitude of the current through the transistor. Thus, switching is achieved at its values close to zero. By constantly monitoring the Vds voltage, no current is allowed to flow through the parasitic diode of the transistor, which contributes to a significant reduction in power losses. It is also worth noting the MOT (minimum on time) function, which ensures that there are no reverse (negative) currents through the MOSFET. Reliability and noise immunity are achieved through the use of double-pulse suppression circuits, which allows you to work without problems in fixed and variable frequency modes.

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The IR11688 can drive two n-channel MOSFETs and is used in resonant half-bridge converter circuits. The microcircuit provides protection against simultaneous switching on of both transistors, as well as an energy-saving mode that reduces its own consumption current to hundreds of microamperes when operating at a small load. The controller is used in compact power supplies of medium and high power.

Features of IR1161L and IR11688:

- transistor drain voltage control up to 200 V;
- maximum switching frequency 500 kHz for IR1161L and 400 kHz for IR11688;
- adjustable time MOT (minimum on time);
- protection against latch at low supply and control voltages;
- low current consumption;
- turn-on time delay 50 ns;
- supply voltage range from 4,75 V to 18 V.

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