Who created the piano? Detailed answer

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Who created the piano? Detailed answer

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Who created the piano?

Did you know that, with the exception of the organ, the piano is the most complex musical instrument? The name "piano", or, as they used to say, "pianoforte", can literally be translated as: "quiet-loud". This suggests a rich range of sounds that the piano can produce.

And yet this very complex instrument evolved from the simplest "monochord" - a box with a single string, on which musical intervals were applied. Such "sound boxes" were also used by cymbals and psalterion in the times of the Old Testament. The player plucked the strings, plucking them.

Approximately 1000 AD. e. Guido d'Arezz invented the movable monochord stand and increased the number of keys and strings. In this form, the instrument was distributed until the XNUMXth century.

One of the most attractive instruments obtained by the improvement of the monochord was the clavichord. A copper detail appeared in it - a "peg". Its pressure produced a vibration of the strings, and as a result, the sound of the instrument was achieved, which could be strengthened or weakened at the will of the musician.

Closest to the clavichord was the spinet - an oblong instrument with a range of four octaves, the sound of which was also achieved by plucking the strings.

In the middle of the XNUMXth century, the harpsichord became popular. This instrument is larger than both the clavichord and the spinet and usually has two keyboards. It is shaped like a large piano. The sound from its strings is extracted with the help of tiny feathers.

And finally, in 1709, Bartolomeo Christofori invented the hammer system and applied it to create a new instrument based on the harpsichord - the pianoforte. The use of hammers made it possible to permanently do away with the creaky sound that cannot be avoided in more primitive instruments. Beethoven was the first composer to introduce the piano into wide use.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What metal is most abundant in the earth's crust?

In terms of prevalence in nature, aluminum (A1) occupies the first place among metals: in the earth's crust it is 60 percent more than iron. However, it began to be widely used only in the second half of the XNUMXth century. The fact is that it is very difficult to extract aluminum from ores.

In 1825, the Danish scientist Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) was able to isolate a small amount of aluminum, but with impurities. After him, many chemists unsuccessfully tried to purify aluminum, but only in 1854 the Frenchman Henri Etienne Saint-Clair Deville (1818-1881) found a way to isolate pure metal.

Aluminum is so reactive that sodium metal (an even more reactive element) had to be used to "keep" the aluminum from reacting with other substances.

Aluminum, similar in color to silver, at first was valued very dearly - on a par with precious metals.

From 1855 to 1890 only 200 tons of aluminum were produced. At that time, only Emperor Napoleon III could afford aluminum cutlery and even commissioned a new metal rattle for his young heir. And in the USA - as a sign of great respect for the founder of the state, George Washington - they protected his monument from above with an aluminum sheet.

The modern method of producing aluminum by electrolysis of a cryolite-alumina melt was developed in 1886.

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