Who Invented Perfume? Detailed answer

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Who Invented Perfume? Detailed answer

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Who Invented Perfume?

Perhaps, from the very first days of existence, people began to use perfume. By the way, the word "perfumery" is borrowed from Latin: there the word "fumus" meant "smoke". This leads us to believe that ancient people used to burn pleasant-smelling wood, resins, or leaves to obtain fragrance.

We know that the Egyptians used perfume over 5000 years ago. But the first who guessed to get rose water from rose petals were the Arabs. It happened 1300 years ago. The Arabs used water not only as a perfume, but also as a medicine. And the most ancient was rose oil, that is, an essential oil made from rose petals. Half a hectare of rose bushes yielded 1 ton of petals. Of these, half a kilogram of oil was obtained. No wonder such perfumes were too expensive.

Flowers such as roses, violets, jasmine, daffodils and orange blossom are used today to make perfumes. Did you know that cedar and sandalwood wood, lavender and peppermint leaves, geranium leaves, orris root and ginger root are also used in perfumery?

Ancient people made perfumes from flowers by extracting the essence with the help of water. This process is called "enfleurage", or the extraction of aromatic substances from flowers. Pieces of glass were placed in wooden frames and a layer of purified lard was placed on top. This device was covered with petals and laid one on top of the other. The petals were changed until the purified lard absorbed the right amount of essence.

In the modern method of extracting essence, a very pure solvent extracted from oil is used. It is passed through fresh petals until it is saturated with oil. The solvent is then removed and the perfume is purified with alcohol.

Today, science competes with nature in the invention of new scents. Chemists make artificial smells from coal tar, turpentine and other similar materials, and you can't tell them apart from natural smells. A specialist perfumer can create a floral fragrance that cannot be obtained from real flowers.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How did Roentgen discover the radiation later named after him?

On November 5, 1895, the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845-1923) conducted an experiment to study the luminescence caused by cathode rays. To make the effect clearer, he not only placed the cathode ray tube and the luminescent substance in a black cardboard box, but even tightly curtained the windows in the laboratory.

Turning on the cathode ray tube, Roentgen suddenly saw a flash of light in the other half of the room. It turned out that the light came from a sheet of paper coated with barium platinocyanide, a luminescent substance. Roentgen was very surprised: how could the radiation penetrate the walls of the box and cause the paper to glow? He turned off the cathode ray tube - the glow disappeared. Turned on the receiver again - the glow appeared again. X-ray moved the paper to another room - it continued to glow. It became clear to the scientist that a certain form of radiation arises in the cathode ray tube, capable of penetrating not only through cardboard, but also through walls.

Roentgen had no idea about the nature of these rays, so he called them X-rays (X-rays). Already other scientists began to call them X-ray.

For the discovery of these rays, Roentgen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

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