For example, slang can be created by combining several words, for example, scab, shortening words (mike, ok), onomatopoeia (boom, fuck), borrowing from foreign languages (samurai, driver), and also by analogy (sew, take away ).
Different types of jargon arise for different reasons and under different conditions. One of the common ways is the emergence of new words and phrases in one professional group. For example, students say "unsuccessful", "spur". Motorists call their cars "four", "nine".
But it should be remembered that often slang words used by one group may have a different meaning in other groups. Some conditions accelerate the emergence of new words. For example, the formation of new groups containing different segments of the population and representatives of different nationalities leads to the rapid emergence of new slang. As, for example, in the armed forces: "woki-toki", "AWOL", "demobilization".
Sometimes a new word comes up with one person, and it is picked up by the rest. In most cases, new expressions that were once related to slang eventually find their way into dictionaries.
Author: Likum A.
Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:
What is a Nobel Prize?
Every year, when the Nobel Prizes are awarded, there is a lot of noise around the names of the laureates. They are interviewed, articles are written about them. This is because the Nobel Prize is regarded by most people as the highest award given for merit in a particular field, such as chemistry, physics, medicine, or literature. There is also the Nobel Peace Prize, awarded for efforts to promote peace. It is noteworthy that this award was founded by a man who has done a lot for the science of destruction!
Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, years of his life: 1833-1896. Among the discoveries he made and patented were dynamite, nitroglycerin (a stronger substance than dynamite) and a new kind of detonator for explosions. Maybe, having created so much destruction, Nobel felt the need to do something noble for the world. He was passionate about the idea of peace, he had a plan that he believed could prevent war.
By the way, in addition to being a brilliant scientist, Nobel wrote poetry. He thought that literature and science are the most important factors in human progress. After Nobel's death, he left a fund of $9. The money was intended to reward people who made outstanding contributions to chemistry, physics, medicine, literature, and the promotion of peace. The prize was first awarded on December 000, 000, the anniversary of Nobel's death. Since Nobel was a Swede, the prizes are awarded by the Swedish Nobel Foundation.
Here are the organizations selected to determine the winners in the field: physics and chemistry - the Swedish Academy of Medical Sciences - the Karolinska Institute of Sweden, literature - the Swedish Academy for the Promotion of Peace - a five-member committee elected by the Norwegian parliament. In 1969, a prize was established for success in the field of economics.
Test your knowledge! Did you know...
▪ How was the soil formed?
▪ Where was the log cabin invented?
▪ How are the directions of the world mixed in Icelandic speech?
See other articles Section Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education.
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Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
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| Random news from the Archive Taste preferences and human evolution
10.02.2015
When people talk about human evolution, they first of all remember the brain - indeed, we have it much more than our closest primate relatives. However, in order for the brain to increase, additional energy is needed. It is believed that a change in diet played an important role in the development of the human nervous system: our ancestors learned to eat food that had a lot of nutrients and which did not require large energy costs for digestion.
What could these high-energy products be? For example, starch-rich rhizomes and tubers, relatives of potatoes, sweet potatoes and other vegetables. Of course, special thanks must be said to the culinary skills of the ancient demihumans - as you know, heat treatment improves the digestibility of food, which means that the growing brain could get even more energy from boiled tubers. In addition, food that does not need to be carefully torn with teeth and chewed has reduced the load on the jaws, which, in turn, has allowed some of the resources that have so far been spent on the development of jaw bones, muscles, etc., to be directed to the nervous system. .
However, it is easy to say that our ancestors took and switched to nutritious tubers. For today's chimpanzees, for example, many nutritious plants, such as pumpkin, potatoes, yams, turn out to be unpalatable. Most likely, things were the same with our ancestors - they had to taste them somehow. George Perry of Pennsylvania State University (USA) and colleagues compared the genomes of modern humans, Neanderthals, Denisovans and chimpanzees - and it turned out that all three human species do not have the TAS2R62 and TAS2R64 genes encoding bitter taste receptors. Obviously, their loss led to the fact that the sensitivity to the bitter decreased, and our ancient ancestors were able to eat the bitter fruits of gourds, yams, etc. without much disgust.
In an article published in the Journal of Human Evolution, the authors discuss another difference between modern humans and prehistoric humans. Our genome contains an average of six copies of the salivary gland amylase gene (in general, the number of copies of the amylase gene can be up to twenty). But in chimpanzees, Neanderthals and Denisovans, only 1-2 copies were found. This enzyme breaks down starch, so perhaps by acquiring a genetic excess of amylase, modern man could get more energy from the notorious starchy tubers and pumpkins.
True, not everyone agrees with this scenario. Homo erectus, or Homo erectus, who is considered the immediate predecessor of modern humans and the common ancestor of Neanderthals, Denisovans, and you and me, could already be engaged in cooking, so that starch was made more available for digestion through culinary efforts. That is, according to Richard Wrangham and Rachel Carmody of Harvard (whom we recently recalled about the correct calculation of calories), excess amylase in saliva was needed not so much for starch processing, but for some then other purposes.
The fact that Neanderthals are inferior to modern humans in terms of amylase genes was already known from previous studies. For a long time, it was believed that the multiplication of enzyme genes happened when a person domesticated plants and took up agriculture. However, as George Perry and his colleagues found, new copies of the gene appeared after modern humans broke away from a common ancestor with Neanderthals (which happened about 600 years ago), and before they began to grow the first cultivated plants (about 000 years ago). years ago). That is, the oldest hunters and gatherers already had extra amylase genes with them, although they themselves had not yet grown anything. However, nothing prevented them from preparing the fruits they found. The bitter taste also weakens during heat treatment, but, probably, in this case, in order to completely get used to the bitter tubers, it was also necessary to get rid of some "bitter" taste buds.
|
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