What is Einstein's Theory of Relativity? Detailed answer

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What is Einstein's Theory of Relativity? Detailed answer

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What is Einstein's Theory of Relativity?

When this theory was published, it was believed that no more than a dozen scientists around the world would be able to understand it! That is why we will not try to present its technical features. However, it will be useful to understand what Einstein did, what problems he studied.

We know that any movement is "relatively". This means that it can be measured in relation to something. For example, we are in a train car and look out the window. Watching objects flashing outside the window, we know that the train is moving. But in relation to the passenger sitting opposite you, you remain in place!

Therefore, the presence of movement can be determined in relation to something motionless. This is the first part of Einstein's theory. We can formulate it as follows: the movement of a body with a constant speed in outer space cannot be fixed regardless of other objects.

The second main tenet of Einstein's theory is that the only constant in the universe is the speed of light. We know its speed - about 300 km / s. But it is difficult for us to even imagine that this is a constant value. And here's why: if a car is moving at a speed of 000 km/h, this means that its speed with respect to a stationary observer is 100 km/h. If the first car overtakes the second, moving at a speed of 100 km / h, this means that the speed of the first is 60 km / h higher than the second. And if the second car goes towards them, their total speed at the meeting point will be 40 km/h.

So, according to Einstein's theory, if we measure the speed of a beam of light in the same way (for example, we move in one direction, and the beam of light in the opposite direction), its speed will remain unchanged - about 300 thousand km / s. This only gives a general idea of Einstein's theory of relativity. In addition, he explored issues related to mass and energy, ways of transition from one state to another.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Who Invented the Microscope?

The word "microscope" is of Greek origin: the first part means "small", the second - "observer". Hence the "microscope" - an observer of something very small.

It is an instrument used to view tiny objects that are not visible to the naked eye. In general, an object appears larger when brought closer to the eye. But if you bring it closer than 25 cm, it becomes indistinguishable. It is said to be out of focus. If you place a simple convex lens between the eye and the object of observation, it will be brought closer than 25 cm, but still be in focus. This can be compared to using a magnifying glass.

And a simple magnifying glass is the simplest microscope that has been used since ancient times. Therefore, when we talk about the invention of the microscope, we mean the complex design of the microscope. And when we talk about a microscope now, we are talking about just that.

What is a compound microscope? The increase in it occurs at two levels, in two stages. The lenses, called "objectives", produce a primary magnified image. There are also other lenses called "eyepiece" that make it larger. In the established practice, there are several lenses in the objective and eyepiece, but the principle remains the same: image magnification in two stages.

The compound microscope was invented between 1590 and 1610. Although no one knows exactly the name of the inventor, this discovery is attributed to Galileo. Sometimes the Danish scientist Leeuwenhoek is considered the father of the microscope. But this is due to the fact that he owns many discoveries made using a microscope. Leeuwenhoek showed that weevils, fleas and other tiny organisms hatch from an egg, and do not appear from nowhere. He was the first to see such microscopic forms as protozoa (protozoa) and bacteria.

At present, the microscope is very important in science and industry.

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