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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Who are the Templars and why were they called that? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Who are the Templars and why were they called that? The Order of the Knights Templar, or Templars, was one of three spiritual knightly orders created in the Holy Land to protect pilgrims, strengthen and expand the crusader states in Palestine and Syria (the other two orders were the Joannite and Teutonic orders). The order got its name from the temple (French temple) of Solomon in Jerusalem, under which it was founded in 1119 shortly after the first crusade. Entering the order, the knights took vows of celibacy, poverty, obedience and swore "by word and weapon and with all their strength to protect the sacrament of faith." However, very soon the order, thanks to grants and donations, became the largest feudal lord in the Middle East and Europe. Its "provinces" (local divisions) existed in almost all states of Western and Central Europe. The enrichment of the Templars was facilitated by trade and mainly usury. The financial services of the Templars were resorted to by feudal lords, sovereigns, and popes. After the end of the Crusades, the Templars settled in Cyprus, then moved to France. By this time, the riches of the Templars were legendary. The French king Philip IV the Beautiful, fearing the growth of the power of the order and striving to seize their wealth, made the Templars accused of heresy and secretly practicing devilish rites. An inquisitorial process was initiated against the order. In October 1307, the order was defeated, almost all the Templars in France were thrown into prison, where, under torture, they confessed to the crimes attributed to the order. In 1310, the grand master of the order, Jacques de Molay, was burned at the stake. In 1312, Pope Clement V abolished the order. Author: Kondrashov A.P.
How did poetry originate? First of all, what is poetry? Poetry is a deeply felt and deeply penetrating language, written and spoken in a special form. Rhyme in a poem is what distinguishes it from prose. From this we can establish how poetry began. Of course, we will never know who first created the poem and when. But since we know something about the life of primitive people, we can guess how poetry began. Man performed various rhythmic dances long before the emergence of language. He made body movements, made sounds, lowing, shouted at special moments, such as, for example, before a battle or a hunt. He also created a drum that could be beaten in a variety of ways. And soon man began to use sounds and drum rhythm to turn magic words to his gods. Primitive man began to develop a dance that became more and more complex as it developed. Soon the words of the divine songs become more important than the beats of the drums. The leader of this kind of ceremony was a kind of poet or bard. At the same time, for thousands of years, man was influenced by the rhythms that he saw and heard everywhere around him - in the sound of water, wind, in the flight of birds, in the rhythmic movement of animals. In trying to reproduce some of these rhythms, man turned to the poetic imagination. Then people began to keep these dances, songs, spells. They were passed down from one generation to the next and became a form of poetry. In ancient Greece in the XNUMXth century BC, poetry was written specifically for certain occasions, but it was still performed with music and dance. Later, the Greeks created a special kind of poetry, these poetic works told about heroic events or described the life of various people.
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