Snoring harms the heart. Free Technical Library News

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Snoring damages the heart

04.10.2019

Snoring can indicate obstructive sleep apnea - this is the name for short-term pauses in breathing that occur during sleep and cause the brain to wake up periodically for a moment.

During sleep, the muscles of the pharynx, like the muscles of the whole body, relax. Soft tissues, closing, block the airways, the level of carbon dioxide in the blood begins to rise. Special receptors sense this and send a signal to the brain to wake up. Waking up for a short time, the person begins to breathe properly again, the level of oxygen in the blood rises, and sleep returns. Not every snoring, even very loud, necessarily indicates apnea, but still this is an occasion to check yourself for respiratory distress.

It's not just that we don't get enough sleep because of sleep apnea. It is authentically known that because of it the probability of cardiovascular diseases increases; sleep apnea may be a major cause of secondary hypertension; sleep apnea can cause heart rhythm disturbances, increasing the likelihood of a stroke.

Obstructive sleep apnea is now quite successfully treated - both with surgical methods and with the help of special devices that eliminate snoring and maintain a constant flow of air in the airways. These devices are considered the most effective way to combat sleep apnea. However, even with them it is not always possible to reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems. Therefore, researchers are trying to understand in detail the physiological mechanisms that link sleep apnea with heart and vascular disease.

Researchers at the Australian Heart Institute, along with colleagues from the University of Sydney and Macquarie University, write in Frontiers in Neuroscience that they have found a neurotransmitter that links sleep apnea to high blood pressure. This neurotransmitter is called PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide).

In sleep apnea, the brain undergoes periodic lack of oxygen, and PACAP is needed in order to stimulate the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. It, as you know, refers to the autonomic nervous system that controls the work of internal organs. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the heart, and as a result, blood pressure rises.

Scientists tried to block the receptors that bind the PACAP neurotransmitter, and as a result, the heart continued to work normally. So far, experiments have been carried out on animals, but it is possible that humans will soon be able to create a substance that will help our cardiovascular system withstand sleep apnea.

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Revealed the secret of tangling headphones 10.02.2019

Researchers from the University of San Diego explained why headphones get confused in your pocket and what physics and mathematics are behind it.

Scientists conducted experiments: they placed a wire in a cubic box and shook it at a constant speed. The length of the wire and the speed of shaking changed periodically, repeating the action 3415 times. It turned out that the longer the cable and the longer it is shaken, the more likely it is that the knot will form spontaneously. This is called "spontaneous knotting of the excited string".

The headphone knot is also affected by the stiffness and diameter of the cord, but length and time are of the greatest importance. For example, if the cable is less than 46 cm, it will never get tangled. For a wire from 46 to 150 cm, the probability of formation increases greatly. The average length of conventional headphones is 139 cm, which means that the probability of spontaneous knot formation is almost 50%.

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