At what temperature does water have its maximum density? Detailed answer

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At what temperature does water have its maximum density? Detailed answer

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At what temperature does water have its maximum density?

Even from the school physics course, we know that when heated, all substances - solid, liquid and gaseous - expand.

Water is one of the few exceptions to this rule, it has a maximum density (minimum specific volume) at a temperature of +3,98 degrees Celsius. Water expands both when heated above this temperature and when cooled below it.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What are the sizes of the planets?

A planet is very different from a star. A star is a huge ball of hot gases that release heat and light. A planet is a much smaller celestial body that shines by reflected light. Let's start with the planets closest to the Sun.

The first one is Mercury. Mercury's diameter of 4640 km is almost the width of the Atlantic Ocean, that is, it is only a fraction of the size of the Earth.

The next planet is Venus. It is almost the same size as the Earth. Its diameter is 12160 km, while the diameter of the Earth is 12660 km.

By the way, such a strange fact is known that Venus rotates in the opposite direction, that is, from east to west.

The next planet is our Earth and then Mars. Mars shines with a reddish light. Its diameter is 6720 km, which is slightly more than half the diameter of the Earth. Some parts of its surface look like lunar landscapes, with large craters apparently formed by fallen meteorites, but there are also giant volcanoes and valleys, which proves the possible geological activity of the planet.

Jupiter - the next planet - is far from the Sun. It takes him 11,9 years to complete one orbit. Jupiter is the largest of the planets. Its diameter is 141 km, almost 920 times the diameter of the Earth.

Saturn, following it, is also a giant. Its diameter is 120 160 km. This is almost 9 times more than the earth. Saturn is unusual in that it is surrounded by a group of flat rings. These rings are made up of billions of tiny particles.

The next planet, Uranus, is much larger than Earth. Uranus is slightly tilted to the side: its axis is tilted at an angle of 98° to its orbit. (The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 23,5°.)

Next comes Neptune, a planet with a diameter of 48 km.

And finally, the last known planet is Pluto, which is believed to have a diameter of 3000 km. It is so far from the Sun that for Pluto it is just a bright star in the sky.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

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Japan to introduce 14-digit phone numbers 16.05.2019

The rapid development of digital technologies has led to the fact that Japan is approaching the exhaustion of the number resource. It is expected that 11-digit phone numbers in this country will completely run out by 2022. Therefore, the Land of the Rising Sun is already preparing for the transition to 14-digit telephone numbers. By 2021, it is planned to launch 10 billion such telephone numbers.

The rapid adoption of IoT devices (which require their own phone number in Japan) is pushing the stock of 11-digit phone numbers reserved for this purpose closer to the limit. It is expected that the introduction of Japan's new 5G communication standard in 2020 will lead to even more consumption of the number resource.

Japan's Ministry of Communications proposal to issue 14-digit numbers was supported by the country's three main mobile operators: NTT Docomo Inc., KDDI Corp. and Soft Bank Corp. Currently, 11-digit numbers starting with "090", "080" and "070" are used in Japan for mobile phones. Back in 2017, the country issued 80 million 11-digit numbers starting with "020" specifically for IoT devices. At the moment, almost half of them are already occupied.

Most likely, Japan will not be the only country faced with the need to increase the number of available numbers for more devices. Last year, the number of IoT devices in the world exceeded the number of mobile phones. Since 2008, there have been more connected devices than people on the planet, and by 2020 it is predicted that there will be 50 billion connected devices worldwide.

10 and 11 digit numbers have been the norm in North America since the late 90s, coinciding with the advent of the internet and mobile phones. As early as 2001, the New York Times lamented the "number exhaustion" problem due to New Yorkers needing an area code to dial their neighbors.

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