Details about all formats of video cameras. video art

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Details about all video camera formats

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I. Analog formats

VHS format

Advantages:

the ability to record on a conventional cassette with a film width of 12,6 mm, etc. viewing the footage without the involvement of additional devices and rewriting;
the longest recording time on a cassette is 240 minutes. (480 min. in Long Play mode with corresponding loss of quality);
the ability to use the camcorder as a portable video player to display not only footage, but also purchased or recorded videos.

Disadvantages:

low image quality (240 horizontal lines);
a strong decrease in quality when copying footage;
high power consumption;
large dimensions and weight;
quite high prices.

VHS-C format (VHS-Compact)

Cameras of this format have similar characteristics of the recorded signal, but the recording is made on a compact cassette (the film size is the same - 12,6 mm).

Advantages:

the ability to play on a regular video player using a special cassette adapter (usually included in the kit, and also widely available for sale);
lower power consumption, dimensions and weight compared to VHS cameras;
the lowest prices among amateur videocameras.

Disadvantages:

low image clarity;
strong deterioration in quality when copying;
short recording time - 90 minutes in normal mode and 180 minutes. in Long Play;
the vast majority of the recording is only mono sound.

S-VHC format (Super-VHS)

Advantages:

improved recording quality (400-420 horizontal lines);
less quality loss during rewriting than VHS, VHS-C;
the presence of an S-Video connector (for the vast majority of cameras), which provides better signal transmission for recording and playback;
stereo sound recording;
the possibility of using VHS cassettes (with a corresponding reduction in recording quality).

Disadvantages:

relatively high cost;
large dimensions and weight;
the impossibility of playing video recordings on a conventional VHS video player or VCR (viewing is possible only when the video camera itself or an expensive S-VHS video recorder is connected to the TV);
short recording time - 90 minutes in normal mode and 180 minutes. in Long Play.

S-VHC-C format (Super-VHS-Compact)

Camcorders of this format are a small-sized version of the S-VHC format using a compact cassette.

Advantages:

improved recording quality (400-420 horizontal lines);
less quality loss during rewriting than VHS, VHS-C;
the presence of an S-Video connector (for the vast majority of cameras), which provides better signal transmission for recording and playback;
stereo sound recording;
the ability to use VHS cassettes (with a corresponding reduction in recording quality);
small weight, dimensions and power consumption in comparison with S-VHC.

Disadvantages:

short recording time - 90 minutes in normal mode and 180 minutes. in Long Play;
relatively high cost of video cameras.

Video8 format

Cameras of this standard use their own video cassette format with a tape width of 8 mm (hence the name of the format).

Advantages:

long recording time per cassette - up to 120 minutes. in normal mode and 240 min. in Long Play mode;
the ability to store the captured films for a long time due to the use of a metallized tape;
relatively low cost of cameras;
light weight;
many cameras record stereo sound.

Disadvantages:

playback of recordings is possible only when the camera itself is connected to a TV or an expensive Video8 video player / VCR is used;
low image quality - 240-250 horizontal lines (however, Sony released an improved version of this format - Video8XR with an increased resolution of up to 280 lines);
significant deterioration in quality when rewriting.

Hi8 format

Hi8 camcorders use an improved recording standard compared to Video8 and higher quality tape cassettes (with the same dimensions and width)

Advantages:

improved recording quality (380-420 horizontal lines). Sony has released an improved model - Hi8 XR with an increased resolution of up to 440 horizontal lines, a lower level of color and brightness noise;
extended recording time - 180 min. in normal mode and 360 min. in Long Play mode;
stereo sound recording (for the vast majority of cameras);
the presence of an S-Video connector (for the vast majority of cameras);
the ability to play Video8 cassettes (with a corresponding reduction in image quality).

II. Digital formats

Mini DV format

Advantages:

digital image and sound recording;
no loss of quality when rewriting;
the possibility of direct signal transmission to the computer;
availability of connectors S-Video, RCA, DV input/output;
miniature dimensions of the video cameras and cassettes themselves (66x48x12 mm with a tape width of only 6,35 mm);
to increase the recording density, compression with an average ratio of 5.1 is used, which makes it possible to achieve a recording quality that is not inferior to the professional Betacam SP;
resolution practically corresponds to television (about 500 horizontal lines);
digital recording is practically devoid of chrominance noise characteristic of analog recording;
high quality of the tape allows you to store records for a long time;
the presence of video cassettes with memory (only for Sony camcorders) for further editing of the recording; setting captions, saving the list of recordings on the cassette with subsequent quick access to the selected segment or photo frame;
sound digitization is possible in 2 versions: 2 channels of 16 bit/48 kHz or 4 channels of 12 bit/32 kHz. The first option allows you to achieve maximum sound quality (the level of music CDs), the second one - reserves 2 channels for overlaying sound and voice accompaniment when editing.

Disadvantages:

the impossibility of playing recordings on conventional video players and VCRs (only when the camcorder itself is connected to TV or very expensive DV video recorders are used);
the very high cost of the video cameras and video cassettes themselves;
short recording time per cassette - 60-80 minutes. in normal mode and 90-120 min. in Long Play mode.

Digital 8 format

Digital8 camcorders were created to make digital video cheaper and more widely available.

Advantages:

digital recording of sound and image with a resolution of 500 horizontal lines;
sound digitization is possible in 2 versions: 2 channels of 16 bit/48 kHz or 4 channels of 12 bit/32 kHz. The first option allows you to achieve maximum sound quality (the level of music CDs), the second one - reserves 2 channels for overlaying sound and voice accompaniment when editing;
the possibility of using Hi8, Video8 cassettes and playing records of these formats, as well as digitizing analog recordings through analog inputs.

Disadvantages:

short recording time per cassette - 60-80 minutes. in normal mode and 90-120 min. in Long Play mode.

Micromv

A recording format for amateur camcorders using the MPEG2 compression standard.

The original design of the MICROMV cassette provides not only its minimum size (it is only 30% of the size of a Mini DV cassette), but also reliable protection of the film surface, as well as its uniform and smooth feed during recording and playback.

The technological novelty of the MICROMV cassette is the built-in 64 kilobit memory unit. This allows you to access information about the video stored on the tape: when the last frames were recorded, how long the video was last recorded, and how much recording space is left on the tape.

The multi-window search function using this memory shows up to 11 frames of different clips. The entire 60-minute tape can be viewed in search mode in less than four minutes using the LCD screen as a monitor.

MPEGMOVIE AD is designed to quickly edit or view captured images, allowing you to record 280 seconds of video and audio directly to the built-in Memory Stick. The information on the Memory Stick can then be transferred to a personal computer, where it can be edited, captions added, video clips attached to emails, etc., etc.

When creating the MICROMV, Sony developed special functions and tools for integrating the camcorder with a personal computer based on the MPEG2 video compression method. This greatly simplifies posting footage captured by the new camcorder on the Internet, as this open standard is used by many different applications.

At a bit rate of 12 Mbps, MICROMV has almost half the data rate of DV, resulting in significant space savings on a PC's hard drive without compromising image quality during recording.

The first MICROMV camcorders (Sony DCR-IP7 and Sony DCR-IP5) offer a wide range of PC communication options including i.LINK (MICROMV IN/OUT), Memory Stick and USB terminal (DCR-IP7 only). In recent years, there has been significant progress in non-linear editing software technologies, when video material is digitized and stored on a PC hard drive for editing or further copying. The MICROMV format and a new generation of camcorders make available to their owners all the advantages of non-linear editing technologies.

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