Bi-ampling or bi-wearing? Free Technical Library article. The art of audio

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Bi-ampling or bi-wearing?

The art of audio

When, about to connect new acoustics, you suddenly find on the rear wall instead of two terminals as many as four, and besides, they are connected in pairs by gold-plated jumpers, then in principle you can ignore this. But if this is done, then in some cases it can be used. With a normal connection, all heads in the speaker system are swung by one amplifier, each receiving its portion of the signal after the corresponding crossover filter located inside the speaker.

The principle of operation of dynamic loudspeakers, namely, these are always used to reproduce low frequencies, is based on the interaction of a conductor through which current flows with a magnetic field in which this conductor is placed. The phenomenon is known to everyone who still remembers the school physics course. But this phenomenon also has the opposite effect: when the conductor moves in a magnetic field, a current is induced in it, preventing this movement. And since here, as always, the action is equal to the reaction, the peaks in the amplitude of the emerging countercurrent can be very significant. This signal enters the output of the amplifier and thus is the noise that is added to the feedback signal.

With a smooth change in the signal, the opposing current will repeat it, but with a phase shift, i.e. late. When playing a musical signal, things are much more complicated. The sharp front of the signal that accompanies the beat of the bass drum, for example, is reproduced by a mid- or even high-frequency loudspeaker, but the main sound is already low-frequency. In this case, the ratio of amplitudes is violated, since the response of the low-frequency head significantly exceeds the amplitude of the response of the mid-frequency one, not to mention the high-frequency one. If the amplifier is designed for such a turn of events, then most likely nothing bad will happen, and the amplifier will work stably.

But what does calculated mean? You can connect a special filter between the speakers and the amplifier output to suppress these signals. The large coreless coils that make up such a filter are visible through holes in the cover on any amplifier board. But the interaction of the heads in acoustics remains. And in order to somehow correct the situation, some companies offer to connect a low-frequency head to the same amplifier with one pair of wires, and medium and high-frequency ones with another. In this case, it is necessary to remove the jumpers from two pairs of terminals on the acoustics.

This is the "bi-wiring" connection, i.e. in two pairs of wires to one speaker. But such acoustics with a double set of terminals can also be connected to separate amplifiers, which will already be called "bi-ampling" (bi-ampling), i.e. two amplifiers per channel, that is, again with four wires. In this case, the electrical interaction of the emitters of low and high frequencies will be completely impossible.

In fairness, however, it should be noted that both the first and second methods are only compromise options for a half-way solution on the way to active acoustics. Indeed, in both cases, long connecting wires and a part of the separation filter remain between the amplifier and the loudspeaker, which does not turn off when the jumpers between the terminals are removed.

Author: Alexey Grudinin

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