Notes that do not fit in the margins. Inventor

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NOTES WILL NOT FIT IN THE MARGINS

INVENTION. OPENING

And then an inventor appeared (TRIZ)

Books and articles / And then came the inventor

An invention must have four qualities: be a technical solution to a problem, be new, be significantly different from what is already known, and provide a useful effect.

For example, a new method of training animals is not an invention: there is no technical solution to the problem. If you offer a “collective” bicycle with four or five saddles, this is also not an invention. Such bicycles are not new; they existed in the last century.

Let's connect a paint brush with a shovel. It seems to be something new. But the brush and shovel are still used; the combination of these tools has not acquired any other qualities. And if there are no new qualities, new (and, moreover, significant, significant) differences, there is no invention.

Let's now say that someone has proposed a new "bug" for electric meters. This "innovation" will not be called an invention - it does not provide a useful effect.

As you can see, before a proposal is recognized as an invention, it must pass four rigorous exams. The proposals are checked by the All-Union Research Institute of State Patent Examination. Over one hundred thousand inventions are registered in the Soviet Union every year.

Inventions are often confused with discovery. You can only invent something that did not exist before. For example, the first airplane is an invention.

To discover means to discover something that already existed in nature, but was not known. Universal gravity cannot be invented, it could only be discovered, it has always existed. Newton's laws, Ohm's law, the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen, the cellular structure of plants - all these are discoveries.

Since 1959, new discoveries have been registered in our country. During this time, about three hundred of them were made.

Now try to determine for yourself which of the following was a discovery and which an invention:

1. Lathe. 2. Smelting steel from cast iron. 3. Inertia of bodies. 4. Dependence of pendulum oscillations on its length. 5. Clock pendulum.

PATENT. CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP

The hero of Mark Twain's novel "A Yankee in King Arthur's Court", having come from the XNUMXth century to the Middle Ages, first of all founds a patent office. Without this, he says, there will be no inventions.

Creating an invention requires some work. To receive a reward for this work, the inventor must be sure that no one will use his invention without permission. The right to dispose of the invention as you wish - this is the essence of a patent. In capitalist countries, patents become a means of making profit.

Notes that didn't fit in the margins...

In the USSR and other socialist countries, inventors do not receive patents, but copyright certificates. Like a patent, an inventor's certificate certifies that a proposal is recognized as an invention and indicates who made the invention and when. But a copyright certificate - unlike a patent - transfers the right to use the invention to the state. And the state guarantees the inventor a reward.

REQUEST. DESCRIPTION AND CLAIMS

In order for a new technical solution to a problem to be recognized as an invention, an application is submitted to the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of State Patent Examination. The application consists of a description of the invention, drawings and a statement. Sometimes it also includes documents on testing the invention and reviews from experts.

The description of the invention indicates the name of the invention and the field of technology to which it relates. Then they list previously known solutions and their disadvantages. And after that, they state the purpose of the invention and reveal in detail its essence and advantages. The description ends with the claims of the invention. Most often it is one phrase divided into two parts by the word "different". What comes before this word indicates a previously known technical solution, and what comes after this word indicates the purpose and essence of the invention. For example: “A method of compacting concrete by the action of mechanical vibrations, characterized in that inaudible infrasonic vibrations are used to reduce noise.” Compaction of concrete using vibrations has been known for a long time, this was mentioned before the word “different”. The novelty of the invention lies in the use of infra-sound vibrations. Infrasound is less than twenty vibrations per second. The human ear simply does not perceive such vibrations; the concrete is compacted, but there is no noise. This is the meaning of the invention.

INVENTOR'S RIGHTS

In the ancient Greek city of Sybaris, there was a law that protected the rights of those who invented a new (and tasty!) dish: no one except the inventor had the right to prepare and sell this dish for a year...

As centuries passed, the rights of inventors gradually expanded. They are especially large in our country. Soviet law guarantees the inventor the right to remuneration. The inventor can give his invention his name. The inventor has the right to take part in the implementation of the invention. The most distinguished inventors receive the title "Honored Inventor".

In almost every VDNKh pavilion you will see portraits of inventors. New machines and new medicines, new fabrics and new varieties of plants - the work of inventors was invested in all this.

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