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BOOKS AND ARTICLES
FAMILIAR FOCUS: THE SUBSTANCE IS - AND THE SUBSTANCE IS NOT
Books and articles / And then came the inventor
The third part of ARIZ is the analysis of the problem model. First, it is determined which element of the conflicting pair needs to be changed. The rules here are as follows: you need to change the tool, and if this cannot be done according to the conditions of the task, you need to change the external environment. The next step is the formulation of the IFR. For example: "The acid itself is held by the cube..." If the answer to the "cube" problem had not appeared earlier, then it would have become completely obvious. This is a simple task, we considered it only as an example. In difficult problems, the analysis has to be carried out much deeper: to determine which zone of the selected part of the model does not cope with the requirement specified in the IFR, and then to formulate a physical contradiction. See what happens. First, we are dealing with an inventive situation - it mentions several technical systems. Let's move on to the task, choose one technical system. We build a task model, leaving only a "piece" of the system - two parts. Then we select one part and find in it the zone that needs to be changed. The scope of the search is narrowed step by step. The diagnosis reveals a sore spot: "It is necessary to operate here!" At the same time, the essence of the "disease" is also clarified. In the situation, there are only vague complaints - bad, inconvenient, expensive, etc. From them we move on to a technical contradiction. And finally to the physical contradiction. As soon as a physical contradiction is revealed and a "sore spot" is found, the analysis can be considered complete. Take, for example, the problem of slag. We already know how to move from the situation to the task: "Everything remains the same, but a hard crust of slag does not form." We also talked about the model of this problem: there is hot slag, and cold air above it. Slag is a product, so we will change the air. IFR: cold air itself does not allow the slag to solidify. A wild idea at first glance: cold air should protect the slag from ... cold air! Let's go further. Which air zone does not meet this requirement? Obviously, the one that is in direct contact with the hot upper surface of the molten slag. Now you can see a physical contradiction: this zone (there is now a layer of cold air) must be filled with something to retain heat, and this zone must not be filled with anything so that slag can be poured and poured freely. So, above the surface of the slag there should be a layer of substance and there should not be a layer of substance. We have already solved such problems. You probably remember the rule: in such cases, you should not introduce foreign substances, but use modified substances - from those that are already there. We have two substances - slag and air, so there can only be three answers: 1. Use modified air. Heat the layer of air that lies near the surface of the slag. This is a bad decision: you have to install burners, they will pollute the atmosphere. 2. Use modified slag. Let us cover the surface of liquid slag with balls of light solid slag. The thermal insulation will turn out to be quite good, but there are a lot of inconveniences: you need to make balls, you need to somehow keep them in the ladle when the slag is drained. 3. Use a mixture of air and slag. Mix air and liquid slag and get ... foam. Excellent heat insulator! We poured the slag into the ladle, formed a layer of foam, and got an excellent heat-shielding "lid". You can drain the slag without paying attention to this "lid"; liquid slag will freely pass through the foam. There is a "lid" - and there is, as it were, no "lid" ... The problem has been solved in principle, it is only necessary to clarify a purely technical question: how to get foam? The simplest way is to supply a little water at the same time when pouring slag. Pay attention to the paradox: in order for the slag to retain heat, it is poured ... with cold water. For the first time this problem was solved for ARIZ by the Magnitogorsk inventor Mikhail Ivanovich Sharapov (I already mentioned him in the second chapter). The invention was immediately implemented at many metallurgical plants. The answer to the slag problem is remarkably simple. I have no doubt that you understood and appreciated its beauty. But here is the course of the decision, the path to the answer - this is perhaps the most difficult thing in the book. I advise you to read these pages. Follow once again how we moved from the situation to the problem, and then to the model of the problem, how the IFR and the physical contradiction were formulated, how we searched for the substance that exists and which seems to be not there ... This is a small fragment of ARIZ, but if you understood how the task is processed step by step, it means that you have grasped the meaning of ARIZ and the book was not read in vain.
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