An ideal car - when there is no car ... To the inventor

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THE PERFECT CAR - WHEN THE CAR IS NOT AVAILABLE...

And then an inventor appeared (TRIZ)

Books and articles / And then came the inventor

TRIZ. The ideal car - when there is no car

Massive, rigid, unchanging technical systems are being replaced by light, "airy", even "ephemeral" systems built from small particles, molecules, atoms, ions, electrons controlled by fields. An ideal car should not have weight, volume at all ... The ideal is when the action is carried out, but there is no car. Therefore, the definition of IFR, that is, the ideal end result, is a technique based on the use of one of the main laws of the development of technical systems. And at the same time, this is a psychological trick: focusing on the IFR, a person stops thinking about the old, familiar form of the machine. Going to the RBI is a very powerful technique, and there are many rules that allow you to accurately formulate the RBI. Let's not go into details. The main thing is important: we must demand that everything happens by itself, as if in a fairy tale.

Problem 47. AS IN A FAIRY TALE

The project of new greenhouses was discussed at the state farm.

- Actually, not bad, - said the director, - but there is no mechanization. Look, here is the roof of the greenhouse: a light metal frame with glass or film, fixed on one side. If the temperature inside is above 20 degrees, it is necessary to raise the frame, and if it is lower, lower it. During the day, the temperature in the greenhouse can change dozens of times. Well, all the time to manually open and close the frame?

- Why manually? the mechanic said. - You can put devices - a temperature relay. The temperature will change - they will turn on the electric motors. We will attach gears, levers, cables to the motors to raise and lower the frame.

"It won't work," the accountant retorted decisively. - We have hundreds of greenhouses, and you will install a machine on each. Too complicated and expensive.

- There is a technical contradiction, - summed up the director. - We will win in mechanization, we will lose in the complication and rise in the cost of greenhouses ...

And then an inventor appeared.

"Let's formulate an IFR," he said. - To be like in a fairy tale. A good formulation of the IFR plus ninth grade physics - and the problem is solved.

How to formulate an IFR for this task? What did the inventor mean when he mentioned ninth grade physics?

Let's solve this problem together. First of all, we note that we are not faced with a task, but with a situation from which it is necessary to "extract" the task. The Greenhouse system is young, it has not even become dynamic and changing yet. Therefore, the task here is this: we will save the greenhouse, we will try not to rebuild it, but we will remove the disadvantage (the roof is motionless, the plants overheat). On the mechanization of the greenhouse is out of the question. After all, the electric motor and the transmission from it to the roof is already a new system. The IFR should sound like this: "The roof itself rises when the temperature rises and itself falls when it falls."

TRIZ. The ideal car - when there is no car

An ignorant person will exclaim: "Unbelievable!" But we all know that such "miracles" are quite possible. In problem 32 - about the protection of wires - the ferrite rings themselves became magnetic and themselves lost their magnetic properties. Why is it impossible to "agree" with the roof so that it itself rises and falls? The thermal field commanded the rings. Let it command the roof. So, you need to use thermal expansion. Let's take the rod and... No, it won't work that way. Even with a large increase in temperature, the rod will elongate by only a fraction of a percent. That is why we used thermal expansion for micro-displacement. And in this task, the roof needs to be raised by 20-30 centimeters.

Let's look at the physics textbook for the ninth grade. In the chapter on thermal expansion there is a drawing of a bimetallic strip - two connected strips of copper and iron. Copper elongates more with increasing temperature than iron. But in a bimetallic plate, copper and iron are connected, so the plate bends when heated, and very strongly. A greenhouse cover made of such plates will rise by itself when the temperature rises, and when it drops, it will fall by itself.

Problem 48. SHIPS OF THE XXI CENTURY

In one design bureau, a group of engineers was developing a project for a self-propelled barge. The work is boring: a barge is like a barge, nothing new. A little more powerful engine, a little more speed, that's all.

- Oh, to design a ship of the XNUMXst century, - the youngest engineer once said, - Everything in it should be fundamentally new.

- Even the body? his friend asked.

“And the hull,” the engineer replied. - First of all, the body. After all, he has not changed for a thousand years. It was wooden, then steel. It's still just a regular box.

- The body will always be a box...

And then an inventor appeared.

- Do not argue! - he said. - It is necessary to apply the theory of inventive problem solving. Now the ship's hull is a rigid streamlined box. Technical system at the second stage of development. So, you need to move to a movable, flexible body. Perhaps, for this it will be necessary to move from the macro level to the micro level and build a ship from atoms or molecules controlled by the field... A more ambitious task can also be set. An ideal car is when there is no car, but the action is carried out. This means that the ideal hull is when there is no hull, but the ship exists and works. Let's use the little man simulation and the PBC operator...

So, imagine the wall of a ship's hull. Thick steel sheet. Now replace it with a bunch of little, little people. How to make sure that the little men do not run away under the blows of the waves? How should the little men act to make the ship move faster? An ordinary wall rubs against the water and slows down the movement of the ship. But you have a wall of little men. Just order - and the little men will do whatever you want ...

Play with the little men (build a mental model of a new wall), and then go back to the technique: how to technically implement what the little men do?

When you're done with that, take on the second challenge: what should a ship with an ideal hull look like? Here you need to use the PBC operator. Suppose the ship has become the size of a molecule. Actually, there is no ship. There is a molecule and a load - individual atoms. How can a molecule carry a load? Imagine this picture and transfer the found principle to a ship of ordinary dimensions. It is necessary to ensure that there is no body and that it is, as it were ...

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Assessment of emotional stress in the cinema 29.10.2018

Researchers at the Chemical Institute of the Max Planck Society have come up with a chemically objective way to give films an age rating. They measured the composition of the air during 135 screenings of eleven different films; the total number of spectators was over 13 thousand people. A special chemical analysis device was installed in the ventilation system of the cinema hall to take air samples every 30 seconds. The authors of the work paid special attention to volatile organic substances, comparing their level with the genre of the film and the age of the audience.

It turned out that the emotional stress experienced by the audience while watching the film corresponds to the level of isoprene. It is best known as a natural rubber monomer and one of the products of petroleum refining. However, isoprene is also formed in our bodies during metabolism, accumulating in the muscles and escaping through the skin and lungs when our muscles work. If we watch something that makes us nervous, we start to change position, fidget, grab onto the armrests, etc. - and because of such muscular effort, isoprene flies into the atmosphere of the cinema hall.

Accordingly, the emotional impact on children and adolescents is quite easy to assess by the level of isoprene. This method can be used in controversial cases, when it is not very clear how exactly the children will react to the film.

The researchers emphasize that we are talking about psychological stress. They would also like to find out what other emotional states can be caught in a similar chemical way - after all, the air was analyzed for sixty compounds, and it is quite possible that among them there are some chemical signs of calm sadness or, say, fun. But here it is already necessary not only to catch the air in the cinema hall, but to arrange a carefully controlled laboratory experiment.

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