Philosopher's Stone. Meaning, origin, examples of the use of phraseological units

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Winged words, phraseological units. Meaning, history of origin, examples of use

Winged words, phraseological units

Directory / Winged words, phraseological units

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Philosopher's Stone

Ancient Greek and Roman mythology

Phraseologism: Philosopher's Stone.

Meaning: 1. A mythical stone (among alchemists) that can turn base metals into gold, heal diseases and rejuvenate the elderly. 2. The beginning of all beginnings, the basis of all things (book).

Origin: From Latin: "Lapis philosophorum". So medieval alchemists called a certain speculative and magical substance, with the help of which it was allegedly possible to turn ordinary metals into noble ones, for example, lead into gold, as well as treat diseases, restore youth, etc.

Random phraseology:

So, she was called Tatiana.

Meaning:

Quoted jokingly when meeting.

Origin:

From the novel in verse (2, stanza 25) "Eugene Onegin" (1823-1831) by L. S. Pushkin (1799-1837).

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Microplastics can enter the brain 03.06.2023

Tiny plastic particles enter the body with food, water and air, accumulating in tissues and cells. This is no longer news, and take it for granted. Scientists even brought out the name for this phenomenon - "plasticosis". But it was believed that the central nervous system is sufficiently protected from the penetration of foreign material by the blood-brain barrier. However, scientists have found that plastic is able to overcome it. And within a couple of hours after eating, microplastics can even penetrate the brain.

The millions of tons of plastic that end up in nature every year are not dead weight. Slowly decomposing, they spread in soil, water and air, getting into living organisms. Tiny plastic particles accumulate in plants and animals. And subsequently can cause the most serious health problems.

How does plastic find its way into our fabrics? With food, it ends up in the intestines, from where it is carried by blood and other fluids throughout the body. Penetrates into tissues, even affects cells. Until now, it was believed that so far there is one organ that is reliably protected from plastic pollution - this is the brain.

But new work from scientists at the Medical University of Vienna has shown that the central nervous system is defenseless against plastic. Experiments on mice that received several particles of polystyrene with food showed that as early as two hours after eating, the smallest particles ended up in the brains of animals.

The blood-brain barrier of the central nervous system is formed by several layers of particularly densely packed cells. They control the movement of substances between the CNS and other parts of the body. And they protect it from microbes, toxins and even "external" immune cells that can cause great harm to sensitive nervous tissue. As the experiments of Kenner and his colleagues showed, only small plastic particles, the size of which does not exceed 0,001 millimeters, can overcome this limit.

Scientists have found that a key role in the ability of microplastics to penetrate the blood-brain barrier is played by its biomolecular crown. Only a tiny fragment of plastic appears in the body, various biological substances, including cholesterol, “stick around” its surface. It is the presence of such a shell that allows tiny particles to overcome the last level of the body's defenses and end up in its holy of holies - the human brain.

So far, scientists find it difficult to clearly say what violations the accumulation of microplastics in the body will lead to. But it is known for certain that plasticosis is at least evidence of contamination of the body.

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