Fifth column. Meaning, origin, examples of the use of phraseological units

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WINGED WORDS, PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
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Winged words, phraseological units. Meaning, history of origin, examples of use

Winged words, phraseological units

Directory / Winged words, phraseological units

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Fifth column

Emilio Mola

Phraseologism: Fifth column.

Meaning: Secret agents of the enemy - spies, saboteurs, traitors, traitors (published disapproved).

Origin: From Spanish: Quinta columna. It is generally accepted that this expression is from a speech on the radio (autumn, 1936) by the Spanish General Emilio Mola (1887-1937), who during the years of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) led the attack of the Franco rebels on Republican Madrid. In it, he said, threatening the inhabitants of Republican Madrid, that, in addition to the four army columns at his disposal, marching on Madrid, there is also a fifth - in the city itself. These are secret supporters of Franco who will stab the Republicans in the back when a decisive attack on the city begins. A friend of the version, E. Mola said these words at his headquarters during a meeting with foreign journalists. There is a third version of the origin of this turnover: the English journalist Lord St. Oswald claimed that the expression "fifth column" first appeared in his telegram from Madrid, sent to the editors of the British newspaper "Daily Telegraph" in September 1936. But be that as it may, , back in the years of the Spanish Civil War, the concept of "fifth column" began to be associated with the name of General Mola. So, Dolores Ibarruri in the article "Defending Madrid - defending Spain" (gaz. "Mundo Obrero" dated October 3, 1936) wrote: "The traitor Mola said that he would throw "four columns" against Madrid, but only the "fifth" would attack. [...] The "fifth column" is inside Madrid, and first of all it is necessary to defeat it." The popularity of the expression was promoted by Ernest Hemingway's play "The Fifth Column" (1938).

Random phraseology:

I do not want to be a jester below the Lord God.

Meaning:

About human dignity.

Origin:

From a letter (June 8, 1834) from A. S. Pushkin (1799-1837) to his wife: “... Now they look at me as a serf, with whom they can do as they please. Opal is easier than contempt. I, like Lomonosov, do not want to be lower than the Lord God." "Below" in translation from the archaic Russian language "even". Pushkin's words are a paraphrase of the famous words of M. V. Lomonosov, which have become winged. Pushkin cites these words of Lomonosov twice more. In his diary, he writes (May 10, 1934): "The sovereign was not pleased that I did not speak of my chamber junkership with tenderness and gratitude - I can be a subject, even a slave, but I will not be a serf and a jester with the king heavenly." In the article "Journey from Moscow to St. Petersburg" (1833-1835), he writes about Lomonosov: "... But he knew how to stand up for himself and did not value either the patronage of his patrons, or his well-being, when it came to his honor or the triumph of his beloved ideas. Listen to how he writes to this very Shuvalov, the representative of the muses, his high patron, who took it into his head to play a trick on him. "in Lomonosov's time it meant "jester", which Pushkin points out in this letter to his wife. The poet quotes Lomonosov's words from memory, but thanks to this inaccurate quotation, it becomes clear what exactly in this phrase Pushkin considered especially important for himself.

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