History and archeology - Positions, titles, ranks, titles. Crosswordist's Handbook

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Reference book crossword. Quick word search by mask. Positions, titles, ranks, titles

Crosswordist's Handbook / Index

Crosswordist's Handbook

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History and archeology / History / Positions, titles, ranks, ranks

(3)

AGA (Turkey, Iran)

BEK (run, hit), (Middle East, Central Asia, Transcaucasia)

PER (Great Britain, France)

SIR (France)

SIR (UK)

KHAN (Middle East, Central Asia)

SHAH (Middle East, Central Asia)

(4)

GRAPH (Europe)

DYAK (Russia)

LADY (UK)

LORD (UK)

PASHA (Turkey)

TSAR (Eastern Europe)

EMIR (Central Asia)

(5)

BARON (Western Europe)

GRAND (Spain)

DAUPHINE (France)

Kagan (ancient Turks, Mongols)

PRINCE (Europe)

NEGUS (Ethiopia) - Emperor

NOVIK (Russia) - a young nobleman entering the service

PRINCE (Western Europe)

Shogun (Japan) - ruler

KHALIF (caliph), (Middle East, Central Asia)

(6)

ATABEK (Middle East)

BASKAK (Central Asia, Eastern Europe) - representative of the Mongol Khan

BOYARIN (Russia)

VIKONT (Western Europe)

DUKE (Western Europe)

HEAD (Russia) - military and administrative position

CAESAR - Russian name for the Byzantine imperial title

KNYAZHNA (Europe)

KING (Europe)

LOVCHII (Russia)

MARQUIS (Western Europe)

MIKADO (Japan), emperor

RATMAN (Russia)

KNIGHT (Western and Central Europe)

SQUIRE (UK)

STARETS (Russia)

SULTAN (Middle East, West Africa)

TEMNIK - the military commander of the Mongol-Tatars, the commander of 10 thousand soldiers

PHARAOH (Egypt)

FISKAL (Russia)

CAESAR (Ancient Rome, Byzantine Empire) - title of emperor

CHASHNIK (Russia)

(7)

ASSESSOR (Ancient Rome, Western Europe)

BARONET (Western Europe)

BASILEUS (basileus), (Ancient Greece, Byzantine Empire)

BOYARYNYA (Russia)

VOEVODA (Eastern Europe)

Countess (Western Europe)

HIDALGO (Spain)

CHANCELOR (Central and Eastern Europe)

PRINCESS (Europe)

KONUSHIY (Russia)

KURFYUST (Germany)

MARQUISE (Western Europe)

PREFECT (Ancient Rome, Europe)

PUSHKAR (Russia)

SOTSKY (Russia)

SAGITTARIUS (Russia)

TSAREVICH (Eastern Europe)

CHEVALIER (France)

ESQUIRE (UK)

(8)

Bogdykhan - Russian name of the Chinese emperor

VASILEVS - see Basiley

VOROTNIK (Russia)

DVORyanIN (Europe)

ZATINSCHIK (Russia), artilleryman

QUEEN (Western and Central Europe)

ELECTOR (Germany)

LANDGRAF (Germany)

MANDARIN - the name of a Chinese official given by the Portuguese

PRINTER (Russia)

PODIACHY (Russia)

POSOSHNIK (Russia)

SERVANT (Russia)

SLEEPING (Russia)

STAROSTA (Eastern Europe)

STOLNIK (Russia)

STRYAPCHY (Russia)

TYSYATSKY (Russia)

(9)

BARONESS (Western Europe)

VOLOSTEL (Russia)

DUCHESS (Western Europe)

HOFFMARSCHAL (Germany, Russia)

DVORETSKY (Russia)

DESYATSKY (Russia)

Emperor

CABALLERO (Spain)

GUN (Russia)

POKAZNY (Russia)

PRINCESS (Western and Central Europe)

SECRETARY

ARCHDUKE (Austria)

(10)

VIKONTESSA (Western Europe)

HOFMEISTER (Germany, Russia)

GOVERNOR

Okolnichiy (Russia)

STREMYANNY (Russia)

Yaselnichiy (Russia)

(11)

JEGERMEISTER (Russia)

EMPRESS

REGISTRAR (Russia)

SOKOLNICHII (Russia)

TSELOVALNIK (Russia)

STALLMEISTER (Russia)

(12)

BEDDING (Russia)

ARCHDUCHESS (Austria)

(16)

MASTER OF CEREMONIES (Russia)

Word search to solve the crossword puzzle:

Replace each unknown letter with *. For example, dog * ka, * oshka, we ** a. Pairs е - ё, and - й are equated.

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Sugar changes brain chemistry 17.01.2020

Researchers at Aarhus University in Denmark have studied what happens in the brains of pigs when they drink sugar water. The experiment showed that sugar affects the reward system of the brain in the same way that drug use does.

Danish scientists conducted an experiment on pigs. Every day for 12 days they gave seven animals two liters of sugar water. To determine the effects of sugar consumption, the researchers took images of the pigs' brains at the beginning of the experiment, after the first day, and after the 12th day.

Within almost two weeks, the animals experienced major changes in the dopamine and opioid systems of the brain. The opioid system, which is associated with feelings of well-being and pleasure, was activated after the very first intake of sugar water.

When we experience something meaningful, the brain rewards us with feelings of pleasure, happiness, and well-being. This can happen as a result of natural stimuli - for example, socializing or learning something new. Scientists explain that both "natural" and "artificial" stimuli (including drugs) activate the brain's reward system, where neurotransmitters such as dopamine and opioids are released.

"If sugar can change the brain's reward system in just twelve days, as we've seen in pigs, you can imagine natural stimuli like learning or social interaction taking a back seat and being replaced by sugar and/or other artificial stimuli." - summed up Michael Winterdahl (Michael Winterdahl), one of the authors of the work.

Usually, when scientists want to find out whether a substance like sugar is addictive, they study its effect on the rodent brain. For their study, the Aarhus University team chose other animals and explained why pigs are a good alternative. Pig brains are more complex than rodent brains and larger, making it easier to image deep brain structures with this model. At the same time, such a study cannot be carried out on humans themselves. The level of dopamine and the reason why it changes in the human brain is difficult to trace, since the production of dopamine can be caused by too many factors: from talking to someone to playing on the phone.

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