Pencil and book. Fun physical experience at home

ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
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Pencil and book. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children

The next experiment is with a pencil and a book. Place the book on an angle and put a pencil on it. Will it slide or won't it slide? It depends how you put it. If you put it along the slope, the pencil will not slip even with a large slope. What if across? Oh, how it rolled! Especially if it is round, not hexagonal.

Pencil and book

You can say: think, I also have a scientific experience! What is interesting in it? And the interesting thing about this experiment is that when the pencil rolls, the friction is much less than when it crawls. Rolling is easier than dragging. Or, as physicists say, rolling friction is less than sliding friction.

That is why people invented wheels. In ancient times, wheels were not known, and even in summer, goods were carried on sledges. Look at this picture. It is carved on the wall of a very ancient temple in Egypt. A huge stone statue is being carried on a sleigh. They are being transported on bare ground: after all, Egypt is a hot country, there is never snow there!

Pencil and book

Oh, and as soon as the ancient engineers do not realize at least put the skating rinks under these sleds! Don't worry, they'll figure it out. In fact, they have already figured it out. True, not when this picture was carved. But all the same, rollers, and then wheels, appeared already several thousand years ago. And then, for the first time in history, sliding friction was replaced by more beneficial rolling friction. This was a big step forward.

Modern technology has taken the next important step. The engineers reasoned as follows: the wheel rim is not dragged along, it rolls along the ground. This is good, the friction is reduced. But here the wheel axle rubs in the bearings, and no matter how we lubricate these bearings, the friction still remains high. Is it possible to replace sliding friction with rolling friction here as well? Is it possible to put small steel rollers between the wheel axle and the bearing race?

This is how rolling bearings were born. They are ball and roller. And you, of course, have seen them more than once. Even in an ordinary bicycle, but not in a children's, but in a two-wheeled, adult or teenage, there are ball bearings in the wheel hubs, in the steering column, on the axis of the connecting rods, on the axes of the pedals.

Pencil and book

Cars, motorcycles, tractors - all these machines roll on ball and roller bearings. And in recent years, railway cars have also been made on rolling bearings. These cars are easy to recognize: they have a special sign shown on our drawing. Do you recognize? It's a rolling bearing!

Author: Galpershtein L.Ya.

We recommend interesting experiments in physics:

▪ Experiments with the outer part of the flame

▪ sparrow on a branch

▪ Magnetic key

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See other articles Section Entertaining experiences at home.

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