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The value of the graviton mass was specified

15.11.2019

A group of scientists, which included researchers from several French universities and other scientific institutions, has found a new way to refine the value of the upper limit of the mass of the graviton. This method is based on accurate measurements of several parameters of large cosmic bodies, such as stars and giant gas planets, thanks to this, scientists will be able to do what is almost impossible to do with any other methods available to scientists.

According to Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, in the process of mass formation for huge cosmic bodies, which deform the space-time continuum in the adjacent space with their gravity, a theoretically weightless elementary particle called graviton is involved. Scientists for many years, with varying success, "broke spears", proving or refuting the fact that the graviton has its own mass.

One of the methods used by scientists in the past was based on data from studying the expansion rate of the Universe, according to the results of this method, it turned out that if the graviton has a mass, then it is very small, at the level of 10^-32 electron volts. Unfortunately, the above results are based on a large number of assumptions and assumptions, some of which are still considered controversial.

The second method for determining the mass of a graviton is to study small deviations in the orbits along which rather massive cosmic bodies move. It is these deviations that can be caused by the presence of a non-zero mass of the graviton, however, if the graviton has, like the photon of light, a zero rest mass, then the gravitons must move at a speed close to the speed of light in order to have a noticeable effect on the world.

It was this second method that the French scientists adopted, finding a way to improve its accuracy. Scientists use data that includes the "frozen" position of some stars and planets at certain points in time. The first time points of such a "freeze" begin in 2000. Based on these initial data, scientists calculated the mass, velocity and position in space of the Sun, some planets and large asteroids.

Then, based on several fundamental equations, computer mathematical models were created that calculated the movement of all analyzed objects forward in time, up to 2017, and back up to 1913. These periods of time were not chosen by chance, scientists managed to find in the total mass of astronomical data sufficiently detailed and reliable data on the cosmic bodies of interest to them at that time.

Having carried out calculations based on the deviations of the real orbits of cosmic bodies from theoretical ones, scientists have calculated a new value for the upper limit of the graviton mass, which is now equal to 6.76x10^-23 with a probability of about 90 percent.

The researchers note that the value they obtained is very close to the value obtained by scientists working at the LIGO gravitational observatory and studying gravitational waves. This instills hope in the reliability of the results obtained, but does not yet exclude the possibility that such a coincidence is just an accident.

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