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2000 atoms in two places at the same time

02.10.2019

A team of scientists from the University of Vienna and the University of Basel has tested the principle of quantum superposition on the largest scale in the history of science. Huge complex molecules, consisting of two thousand atoms, were placed in a state of superposition, while being in two places at the same time, according to the bizarre laws of quantum mechanics. This achievement is a weighty confirmation of the manifestation of superposition, which is the "heart" of all quantum technologies, which, in turn, serves as a serious limitation for the further development of many alternative theories.

We remind our readers that the principle of superposition is one of the main "pillars" of quantum mechanics, which is a consequence of one of the fundamental equations, the Schrödinger equation. This equation describes quantum particles by their wave functions, which are very similar to the functions that describe concentric waves on the surface of water. However, unlike waves on the surface of water, which are a manifestation of the collective behavior and interaction of many molecules, quantum waves can be associated with individual particles.

One example of the wave nature of quantum particles is an experiment with two slits located very close to each other, through which a "wave" of one particle simultaneously passes. After passing through the cracks, the waves are added to each other and the particle-wave again acquires its integrity. This effect has already been demonstrated for photons, electrons, neutrons, and even single atoms.

In their experiments, the scientists used the largest available molecule C707H260F908N16S53Zn4, which consists of a total of 40 thousand protons, neutrons and electrons, and has a mass equal to 25 thousand atomic masses. To synthesize such molecules, special methods were used that made these molecules stable enough to form a beam directed inside an ultra-high vacuum chamber. Verification of the quantum nature of such massive particles required the use of an interferometer, two meters long, which was at the disposal of the University of Vienna.

According to one of the alternative theories, which serves as a kind of bridge between classical physics and quantum mechanics, the duration of the dominance of the wave function of a particle decreases in direct proportion to the mass of this particle. This, in turn, also limits the time the particle stays in the quantum superposition state.

In their experiments, scientists found that huge molecules were in a state of superposition for 7 milliseconds of time, long enough to leave no stone unturned from the above theory and from a number of other alternative theories and models.

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