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Laser weapons for the navy

03.06.2019

The US Navy plans to equip one of the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers with the HELIOS laser defense system in 2021.

Rear Admiral Ron Boxal said that the laser system will be installed on the USS Preble destroyer and will replace the existing defensive platform - the ship's Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) close-defense anti-aircraft missile system, which was designed to destroy anti-ship missiles.

The Navy began testing laser weapons (LaWS) back in 2013 as a proof of concept that could be used against small drones or ships. A year later, the laser protection system was installed on the destroyer USS Ponce, which was decommissioned in October 2017. The U.S. Navy has awarded a $150 million contract to Lockheed Martin to develop, build, and deliver two next-generation systems by 2020, one of which will be installed on the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer and the other to be sent for testing at White Sands, New York. -Mexico). Lockheed Martin is expected to deliver the systems next year.

HELIOS (High Energy Laser with Integrated Optical-dazzler and Surveillance) is a combat laser system designed to protect against various threats such as small craft, drones and missiles. It is equipped with a 60-kilowatt laser that can reach a power of 150 kW. HELIOS connects directly to the ship's power source, as well as to the existing Aegis automated combat system, which uses airborne radar for target guidance.

Other military units are also developing their own laser systems. We recently wrote that the US Air Force successfully tested the SHiELD laser combat system designed to destroy missiles. Such systems have several advantages: they hit the target instantly and they have no restrictions on ammunition. However, there are also disadvantages, so experts say that even along with powerful lasers, ships are likely to be additionally equipped with missile defense systems.

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The sun makes men hungry 24.07.2022

To maintain a figure, men should be less in the sun. This was found out by the staff of Tel Aviv University. Analyzing the statistics of a large medical project that collected various data on three thousand people aged 25 to 65, the researchers found that during the warm season, men consume 17% more calories than women.

The most obvious explanation here is that the sun somehow stimulates appetite, and only in men. Experiments with volunteers confirmed this: if men and women are specially brought out into the sun, and then asked how much they want to eat, it turns out that men feel more hungry after the sun. But women will not feel the difference - the sun does not excite additional hunger in them.

Appetite and the feeling of hunger depend on many physiological signals, including the hormone ghrelin, which is called the hunger hormone. (In general, there are several hunger hormones, but ghrelin is one of the most famous.) Ghrelin is synthesized in the stomach, from the stomach it enters the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, stimulating eating behavior, that is, it excites appetite, makes you focus on finding food, etc. Ghrelin levels rise before meals and, as it has now turned out, in the sun: in men who took a sunbath, the level of ghrelin in the blood increased (in women, its level in the sun remained the same).

The same thing happened to mice that were irradiated with medium-wave ultraviolet, or ultraviolet B. Medium-wave ultraviolet is part of the solar radiation reaching the earth's surface, and mice were irradiated with it in such a way that the exposure was equal to a half-hour dose of the sun on a clear noon somewhere on latitude of Mexico, Cuba or Florida. The mice were irradiated every day for ten days, and those males who received regular portions of UV light tried to eat more often than females or males who were not irradiated.

Ghrelin is synthesized not only in the gastrointestinal tract, it is also secreted by fat cells in the skin, and they secrete it under the action of the p53 protein. It is called the guardian of the genome because p53 monitors DNA damage: it either stimulates DNA repair or causes the cell to commit suicide so that it does not harm others with its mutations. Under the influence of ultraviolet activity of the p53 gene increases, because ultraviolet damages DNA. As a result, fat skin cells release more ghrelin. This is what happens in males; in females, the sex hormone estrogen suppresses the activity of the p53 gene, and the level of ghrelin in response to UV radiation does not increase in them.

It can be assumed that the same mechanism with dermal ghrelin and p53 works in humans. But so far, it is impossible to say this with certainty. Other experts point out that little attention is paid to people in general in this study. Here we need to conduct an experiment with a large number of participants, and we also need to carefully monitor additional factors that can tie together the sun and appetite in men. However, in any case, we should be more careful with the sun: although we get vitamin D thanks to it, no one has canceled sunburn and ultraviolet mutations in skin cells.

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