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Age and overweight

01.10.2017

Older people tend to be overweight - if not all, but many. And even if a person had a normal weight in his youth, it is likely that over time this weight will get out of control. Moreover, it is usually difficult for the elderly to lose extra pounds, despite all the efforts made.

Researchers from Yale believe that we owe age-related fullness to immunity, which begins to act up with old age. Immune cells are found in a variety of tissues and organs, and they are also found in adipose tissue. The problem is that immune macrophages (special cells whose task is to monitor the infection and sound the alarm in time) sitting in the abdominal fat begin to generate inflammatory signals unnecessarily with age, and these signals, in turn, literally act on the nerves, penetrating adipose tissue.

Experiments on elderly mice proved that if macrophages suppressed the activity of inflammatory receptors, then fat in old mice began to break down at the same rate as in young ones. There is another way to rejuvenate immune cells - to suppress the activity of the enzyme that accumulates in them as they age. This enzyme is called monoamine oxidase-A, or MAOA, about which you can often hear that it is associated with various neuropsychiatric problems.

Some antidepressants inhibit the activity of MAOA, and, perhaps, in the future, on their basis, it will be possible to make some drugs based on them that will ensure normal communication between adipose tissue and nerves, thereby normalizing fat metabolism.

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artificial nerves 26.04.2010

Carbon conducts electricity. So why not make artificial nerves out of it? But because the human nerve consists of many thousands of the finest nerve fibers, and, therefore, it is necessary to come up with a technology for manufacturing similar fibers, otherwise the nerve will come out as thick as a good cable. Scientists from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA) coped with this task.

“In a chemistry lesson, a glass tube is turned into a pipette by heating it in the flame of a burner and stretching the softened glass. We do something like this with glass tubes that are filled with carbon nanotube powder,” says Ilya Ivanov, a participant in the work.

Their record was the creation of a cable only four times the diameter of a human hair, which contained 19 individual carbon fibers, each in glass insulation. Thus, each fiber is a separate communication channel. For comparison: the total number of nerve endings on the surface of the human hand is 600.

This method can be used not only in surgery, but also in aerospace technology, where it is so important to have light, compact devices.

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