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Multicolored photons

25.07.2017

Despite the huge amount of research in the field of quantum computing, universal quantum computers continue to be a purely theoretical concept. Let us remind our readers that the basis of any quantum computer or communication system is quantum bits called qubits. Qubits differ from traditional bits in that, in addition to the two basic states, 1 or 0, they can be in a third state - in a state of superposition, when the value of a qubit is both 1 and 0. This, in turn, allows using one qubit to perform two parallel computing operations.

The connection of individual qubits into a computing system is carried out using the phenomenon of quantum entanglement. At the same time, a system of two qubits is already capable of performing four parallel operations, and a system of three qubits is capable of performing eight. And a system with dozens of qubits is capable of computing much faster than traditional computers.

However, the state of superposition and the phenomenon of quantum entanglement are extremely fragile things that are destroyed at the slightest impact on them from the outside. And scientists from the Institute INRS (Institut national de la recherche scientifique), Canada, have proposed a very interesting and promising alternative to qubits - multidimensional quantum bits (quDit), based on the use of "colorful" photons of light. Moreover, these researchers created a quantum chip on which two quDits were created, with the help of which research was carried out on this new quantum technology.

An optical cavity is located on the surface of the quantum chip, into which two entangled photons of light are launched. Each of the photons can have 10 basic quantum states determined by its wavelength (color) and be in a state of superposition, in which it can be red AND green AND blue AND yellow at the same time. These colors were given conditionally, since infrared photons were used in practice.

Thus, each of the "colorful" photons is capable of being in 100 different states, and a system of two such photons, quDits, is equivalent in performance (the number of parallel operations performed by it) to a system with 12 classical qubits entangled with each other. "For the first time, we have managed to obtain a multidimensional quantum state in a fairly simple way," says Michael Kues, lead researcher. "And our next task will be to use such a multidimensional quantum system to perform practical calculations."

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