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tunnel through the earth

13.04.2017

Japanese scientists from JAMSTEC announced that for the first time in history they plan to drill a tunnel from the surface through the entire thickness of the earth's crust.

Mankind has been trying to reach the Earth's mantle for 50 years, but fails time after time. More recently, for example, the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling attempted this ambitious task, but was only able to go as deep as 700 meters. As you know, the earth's crust is the outer solid shell of the Earth, which is the upper part of the lithosphere, and its thickness fluctuates due to the inhomogeneous relief.

To achieve their goal, Japanese researchers intend to use the drilling ship Chikyu. This vessel differs from its counterparts in that it is able to drill into the oceanic crust three times deeper than its predecessor vessels. The thickness of the crust is 5-10 kilometers, and therefore the process will occur in three stages. First, the drill will go deep for 4 km, then it will go through another 5 km of the crust layer, and only then will it give scientists the opportunity to collect samples from the mantle.

A preliminary test will begin off the coast of Hawaii in September 2017. The project schedule is still being finalized, but Natsue Abe, a JAMSTEC researcher, told CNN that the drilling start date is likely to be 2030. Points near Costa Rica and the coast of Mexico are also considered as potential sites for the experiment.

The mission has several main goals, Abe said. First of all, of course, this is the study of the mantle: for the Japanese, the ability to predict seismic activity in advance plays a critical role. In addition, they want to better understand what constitutes the boundary between the crust and the mantle, and geological samples will tell a lot about the early history of our planet.

The problem, as always, lies primarily in financing: large-scale drilling is very, very expensive. In addition, the equipment will obviously need to be upgraded, but newly developed next-generation materials have already made this process technically feasible, at least on paper.

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