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Neutrinos will tell why we exist

21.08.2016

The T2K collaboration presented a report with the results of neutrino research at the International Conference on High Energy Physics in Chicago. In particular, we are talking about various transformations of neutrinos and antineutrinos, which indicates the violation of CP symmetry.

The universe that emerged as a result of the Big Bang must be symmetrical: it must contain the same amount of matter and antimatter. The so-called CP symmetry is responsible for this, the principle according to which the laws of physics should be the same if the physical system is reflected in a mirror, and all matter is changed to antimatter. Today, however, the universe is dominated by matter, which is why we exist. Otherwise, our Universe would contain only photons as a result of the inevitable annihilation of matter and antimatter. Why this is so is one of the most intriguing questions in all of science.

The observed predominance of matter over antimatter can be explained only if the CP symmetry is violated. Such a violation was first discovered back in 1964 (Nobel Prize in 1980). It allows very heavy neutral particles to decay into neutrinos at a slightly higher rate than antineutrinos, which creates an initial imbalance in the amount of matter and antimatter. Without this process, we could not exist.

Neutrinos are weakly interacting with matter elementary particles that exist in three types - "flavors": electronic, muon and tau neutrinos and antineutrinos, which can turn into each other (oscillate). If for them there is a violation of CP symmetry, then it will manifest itself in the form of a difference in the probabilities of neutrino and antineutrino oscillations.

In the T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) experiment, physicists are primarily investigating the transformation of muon neutrinos into electron neutrinos, first detected in it in 2011. The existing equipment makes it possible to carry out the most accurate measurements to date of the probability of these oscillations and the difference between the neutrino masses. A beam of muon neutrinos or antineutrinos is produced at the proton accelerator of the J-PARC research complex, located in the village of Tokai on the east coast of Japan. It then travels 295 km and enters the giant Super-Kamiokande underground detector in Kamioka, off the west coast of Japan.

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