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Anti-clot magnet

28.04.2015

Usually, to remove a blood clot, the tPA protein, a tissue plasminogen activator, is injected into the blood vessel. This substance is normally present in the blood, contributing to the destruction of fibrin fibers. Thus, its addition increases the rate of resorption of blood clots.

However, the dose introduced into the vessel is quickly distributed throughout the circulatory system, and only a small part of the thrombus reaches it. It would seem that you need to increase the dose, but if you overdo it, bleeding may occur.

A safe alternative is offered by researchers from the Houston Methodist Research Institute, led by Dr. Paolo Desuzzi. They were able to pack the tPA protein, together with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, into a shell of another blood protein, albumin. This package provides a triple advantage.

Firstly, it is easy to concentrate magnetic particles exactly at the site of thrombus formation.

Secondly, they can be heated by an alternating field - it has been noticed that tPA works most actively at temperatures above 40°C, and, of course, it would be better to create such a temperature only in a small area of the body.

And thirdly, the albumin shell masks the contents from the immune system, and a margin of time is obtained for which the drug will have time to get to the blood clot.

As a result, in experimental mice, the rate of resorption of blood clots increased a hundred times, and when heated - a thousand times compared with the introduction of a "naked" plasminogen activator. Since iron oxide is already approved for use as a contrast agent in CT scans, and tPA with albumin is already present in the blood, the researchers hope to move quickly to human trials of the new drug. The doctors are looking forward to it.

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