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The world's first cyborg

30.04.2002

British scientists "connected" the nervous system of cybernetics professor Kevin Warwick with a computer, making him the world's first cyborg - part human, part robot.

The median nerve on the professor's left wrist was implanted with a 3mm silicon chip equipped with 100 electrodes, each no more than a hair's thickness. The wires were stretched under the skin of the arm and connected to a transmitter that transmits radio signals to the computer that carry information about Professor Warwick's nervous processes. For the first time in the world, the motor and emotional systems of the vital activity of the human body will be subjected to computer analysis.

Scientists hope that this research will lead to a breakthrough in the treatment of diseases such as paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury.

<< Back: Not only will it get warmer, but the day will also increase 01.05.2002

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Antimicrobial steel 17.12.2017

Electrochemical etching of ordinary stainless steel allowed scientists to create complex nanostructures on its surface, unable to damage large mammalian cells, but deadly to bacteria.

In the future, this will make it possible to make metal tools and surfaces with antibacterial properties. Such steel was developed by scientists at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

A sample of steel 316L was taken as a basis, which was immersed in an electrolyte and a voltage was applied. By varying the parameters and current density, scientists sought to create different surface structures. One option demonstrated good hydrophobic properties - and, unexpectedly for the authors themselves, strong antibacterial properties. The exact mechanism of this action remains to be elucidated. In the meantime, scientists suggest that the whole thing is in the numerous bumps and sharp needles 20-25 nm high, which are formed on the steel surface during processing.

As experiments have shown, they successfully cope with both gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria, although they are completely harmless to mouse cells. And since the impact is purely mechanical - most likely, steel nanoneedles simply pierce the membranes of bacterial cells - it is difficult to imagine that microbes will somehow develop resistance against it.

The authors note that a similar technological process is widely used to give stainless steel a polished sheen, so obtaining "antimicrobial" steel should not be a difficult task for the industry. Moreover, such texturing increases the concentration of chromium and molybdenum at the surface of the material, which increases its corrosion resistance.

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