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Friction turns metal into liquid

22.09.2012

Researchers from Purdue University unexpectedly found that during the process of friction, the metal acquires the properties of a liquid. This discovery allows us to take a fresh look at the seemingly long-studied friction processes and improve the wear and strength parameters of metal parts.

Studying the behavior of metals, scientists observed a wedge-shaped piece of steel sliding on a flat bar of copper. For the first time, scientists have used high-speed imaging at the mesoscale - from 100 microns to 1 mm. It suddenly turned out that tiny bumps in a piece of steel form vortex-like structures, which then turn into small cracks. This was most evident when the piece of steel was at an acute angle to the piece of copper.

The results were unexpected because the experiment was carried out at room temperature, and under such conditions friction could not generate enough heat to soften the metal. However, scientists have seen phenomena usually associated with liquids rather than solids.

It was known that small pieces of metal were removed from the friction surface. It is generally believed that this requires many cycles of friction, but the "liquid" properties of metals can lead to the rapid formation of microcracks and greatly accelerate the wear of the part. Therefore, in the manufacture of numerous mechanical parts, from bearings to pistons in engines, this phenomenon must be taken into account.

Scientists believe that the "liquid" properties of metals are directly related to the size of the grain - the tiny crystalline "bricks" that make up the metal.

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